Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26149372›Full record

SynthesisBritish journal of clinical pharmacology2015

A systematic review of the role of community pharmacies in improving the transition from secondary to primary care.

Hamde Nazar, Zachariah Nazar, Jane Portlock, Adam Todd, Sarah P Slight

Abstract readSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in British journal of clinical pharmacology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
42citing papers in PubMed, 8 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

42 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  7. Impact of medication reconciliation for improving transitions of care.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2018
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Hamde NazarSchool of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, Queen's Campus, Stockton, TS17 6BH.
Zachariah NazarSchool of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, White Swan Road, Portsmouth, PO1 2DT.
Jane PortlockSchool of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, White Swan Road, Portsmouth, PO1 2DT, UK.
Adam ToddSchool of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, Queen's Campus, Stockton, TS17 6BH.
Sarah P SlightSchool of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, Queen's Campus, Stockton, TS17 6BH.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimWe set out to determine the potential contribution of community pharmacists to improve the transfer of care of patients from secondary to primary care settings.

methodWe systematically reviewed the literature on interventions that involved community pharmacy post-discharge. We considered all relevant studies, including both randomized and non-randomized controlled trials, irrespective of patient population. Our primary outcome was any impact on patient and medication outcomes, while the secondary outcome was to identify intervention characteristics that influenced all reported outcomes.

resultsWe retrieved 14 studies that met our inclusion criteria. There were four studies reporting outcomes relating to the identification and rectification of medication errors that were significantly improved with community pharmacy involvement. Other patient outcomes such as medication adherence and clinical control were not unanimously positively or negatively influenced via the inclusion of community pharmacy in a transfer of care post-discharge intervention. Some inconsistencies in implementation and process evaluation of interventions were found across the reviewed studies. This limited the accuracy with which true impact could be considered.

conclusionsThere is evidence that interventions including a community pharmacist can improve drug related problems after discharge. However, impact on other outcomes is not consistent. Further studies are required which include process evaluations to describe fully the context of the intervention so as to determine better any influencing factors. Also applying more stringent controls and closer adherence to protocols in both intervention and control groups would allow clearer correlations to be made between the intervention and the outcomes.

Indexed as

Community Pharmacy ServicesContinuity of Patient CarePharmacistsPrimary Health CareProfessional RoleSecondary Health CareHumansMedication Errorscommunity pharmacistcommunity pharmacycommunity pharmacy interventioncontinuity of carehospital caretransfer of care

Identifiers

PMID26149372
PMCPMC4631167

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.