Observational studyThe Journal of infection2015
Nasopharyngeal bacterial burden and antibiotics: Influence on inflammatory markers and disease severity in infants with respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis.
Observational study in The Journal of infection, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 64 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic Literature Review of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Laboratory Testing Practices and Incidence in United States Infants and Children <5 Years of Age.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2022Pooled it
- Influenza and other respiratory viruses: standardizing disease severity in surveillance and clinical trials.Expert review of anti-infective therapy · 2017Pooled it
- RSV-infected children with mixed infections: clinical features and early predictive indicators of codetection withFrontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Respiratory potentially pathogenic bacteria are associated with increased disease severity in neonates with respiratory syncytial virus infection.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Acute Respiratory Failure in Children: A Clinical Update on Diagnosis.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Nasal cathelicidin is expressed in early life and is increased during mild, but not severe respiratory syncytial virus infection.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Overnutrition, Nasopharyngeal Pathogenic Bacteria and Proinflammatory Cytokines in Infants with Viral Lower Respiratory Tract Infections.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Risk factors and incidence of invasive bacterial infection in severe bronchiolitis: the RICOIB prospective study.BMC pediatrics · 2022Article
- Nasopharyngeal Codetection of Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae Shapes Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease Outcomes in Children.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Characterization of longitudinal nasopharyngeal microbiome patterns in maternally HIV-exposed Zambian infants.Gates open research · 2022Article
- Clinical Disease Severity Scores and Viral Loads in Children With Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2021Article
- Microbial and clinical factors are related to recurrence of symptoms after childhood lower respiratory tract infection.ERJ open research · 2021Article
- Age-dependent Interactions Among Clinical Characteristics, Viral Loads and Disease Severity in Young Children With Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection.The Pediatric infectious disease journal · 2021Article
- Factors Contributing to Symptom Duration and Viral Reduction in Outpatient Children With Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection.The Pediatric infectious disease journal · 2020Observational
- LPS aggravates lung inflammation induced by RSV by promoting the ERK-MMP-12 signaling pathway in mice.Respiratory research · 2020Article
- Respiratory syncytial virus infection exacerbates pneumococcal pneumonia via Gas6/Axl-mediated macrophage polarization.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2020Article
- Time to Say Goodbye to Bronchiolitis, Viral Wheeze, Reactive Airways Disease, Wheeze Bronchitis and All That.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2020Review
- Pharyngeal Immunity in Early Vertebrates Provides Functional and Evolutionary Insight into Mucosal Homeostasis.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2019Article
- Lung Microbiome in Asthma: Current Perspectives.Journal of clinical medicine · 2019Review
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesAnimal studies suggest that RSV increases nasopharyngeal (NP) bacterial colonization facilitating bacterial infections. We investigated the influence of antibiotic treatment and colonization with potentially pathogenic bacteria on inflammatory markers and disease severity in RSV-infected in infants.
methodsHealthy young infants hospitalized with RSV bronchiolitis (n = 136) and age-matched healthy controls (n = 23) were enrolled and NP samples cultured for potentially pathogenic bacteria including: Gram-positive bacteria (GPB): Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, β-hemolytic Streptococcus; and Gram-negative bacteria (GNB): Moraxella catarrhalis and Haemophilus influenzae. Clinical parameters and plasma IL-8, IL-6 and TNF-α concentrations were compared according to the bacterial class and antibiotic treatment.
resultsAntibiotic treatment decreased by 10-fold NP bacterial recovery. Eighty-one percent of RSV infants who did not receive antibiotics before sample collection were colonized with pathogenic bacteria. Overall, GNB were identified in 21% of patients versus 4% of controls who were mostly colonized with GPB. Additionally, in RSV patients NP white blood cell counts (p = 0.026), and blood neutrophils (p = 0.02) were higher in those colonized with potentially pathogenic bacteria versus respiratory flora. RSV patients colonized with GNB had higher plasma IL-8 (p = 0.01) and IL-6 (p < 0.01) concentrations than controls, and required longer duration of oxygen (p = 0.049).
conclusionsInfants with RSV bronchiolitis colonized with potentially pathogenic bacteria had increased numbers of mucosal and systemic inflammatory cells. Specifically, colonization with GNB was associated with higher concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines and a trend towards increased disease severity.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.