ReviewVaccine2015
In situ vaccination by radiotherapy to improve responses to anti-CTLA-4 treatment.
Review in Vaccine, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 98 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
98 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 170 citations in OpenAlex.
- Optimizing the Treatment Schedule of Radiotherapy Combined With Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 Immunotherapy in Metastatic Cancers.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Pooled it
- Atezolizumab and bevacizumab, with or without radiotherapy, versus docetaxel in patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer previously treated with a checkpoint inhibitor and chemotherapy: results from the randomized, phase Ib/II MORPHEUS-Lung study.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Trial
- Systemic immunomodulation by irreversible electroporation versus stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy in locally advanced pancreatic cancer: the CROSSFIRE trial.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Trial
- Hypofractionated radiotherapy plus PD-1 antibody and SOX chemotherapy as second-line therapy in metastatic pancreatic cancer: a single-arm, phase II clinical trial.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2024Trial
- Phase 1/2 Trial of Pembrolizumab and Concurrent Chemoradiation Therapy for Limited-Stage SCLC.Journal of thoracic oncology : official publication of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer · 2020Trial
- Radiotherapy and cytokines: A systems view of immunotherapy and toxicity (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Article
- Thymic epithelial tumors at the crossroads of immunity, autoimmunity, and immunotherapy.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2026Review
- Hypo-fractionated radiotherapy combined with PD-1 inhibitor for relapsed/refractory B-cell lymphoma after failure to CD19 CAR-T therapy.Therapeutic advances in hematology · 2026Article
- Targeting Lysosomes for Enhanced Anti-Cancer Therapeutics and Immune Response.International journal of biological sciences · 2026Review
- Ferroptosis at the intersection of radiotherapy and immunotherapy.Cancer metastasis reviews · 2025Review
- Pre-immunotherapy alters stereotactic ablative radiotherapy-induced systemic T cell responses in early-stage NSCLC.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2025Article
- X-ray-responsive dissolving microneedles mediate STING pathway activation to potentiate cutaneous melanoma radio-immunotherapy.Theranostics · 2025Article
- Spatially optimized 125I brachytherapy: a novel immunomodulatory approach based on spatially fractionated radiation therapy principles.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- Stereotactic Radiotherapy Plus Nivolumab in Patients with Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer: Results from Phase 1/2 Clinical CA209-9KH Trial.Oncology and therapy · 2024Article
- Immunotherapy in the Fight Against Bone Metastases: A Review of Recent Developments and Challenges.Current treatment options in oncology · 2024Review
- Immunohistochemical and transcriptomic characterization of T and myeloid cell infiltrates in canine malignant melanoma.Veterinary and comparative oncology · 2024Article
- Prospects of Synergy: Local Interventions and CAR T Cell Therapy in Solid Tumors.BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy · 2024Review
- Mechanism insights and therapeutic intervention of tumor metastasis: latest developments and perspectives.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2024Review
- Synergistically Augmenting Cancer Immunotherapy by Physical Manipulation of Pyroptosis Induction.Phenomics (Cham, Switzerland) · 2024Review
38 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Targeting immune checkpoint receptors has emerged as an effective strategy to induce immune-mediated cancer regression in the subset of patients who have significant pre-existing anti-tumor immunity. For the remainder, effective anti tumor responses may require vaccination. Radiotherapy, traditionally used to achieve local tumor control, has acquired a new role, that of a partner for immunotherapy. Ionizing radiation has pro-inflammatory effects that facilitate tumor rejection. Radiation alters the tumor to enhance the concentration of effector T cells via induction of chemokines, cytokines and adhesion molecules. In parallel, radiation can induce an immunogenic death of cancer cells, promoting cross-presentation of tumor-derived antigens by dendritic cells to T cells. Newly generated anti-tumor immune responses have been demonstrated post-radiation in both murine models and occasional patients, supporting the hypothesis that the irradiated tumor can become an in situ vaccine. It is in this role, that radiation can be applied to induce anti-tumor T cells in lymphocyte-poor tumors, and possibly benefit patients who would otherwise fail to respond to immune checkpoint inhibitors. This review summarizes preclinical and clinical data demonstrating that radiation acts in concert with antibodies targeting the immune checkpoint cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4), to induce therapeutically effective anti-tumor T cell responses in tumors otherwise non responsive to anti-CTLA-4 therapy.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.