ArticleAlcoholism, clinical and experimental research2015
The Utility of Including the Strengths of Underage Drinking Laws in Determining Their Effect on Outcomes.
Article in Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Understanding the effects of alcohol policies on treatment admissions and birth outcomes among young pregnant people.Alcohol, clinical & experimental research · 2025Article
- Modeling of drinking and driving behaviors among adolescents and young adults in the United States: Complexities and Intervention outcomes.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2024Article
- Effectiveness of road safety interventions: An evidence and gap map.Campbell systematic reviews · 2024Article
- What determines the success of states in reducing alcohol related crash fatalities? A longitudinal analysis of alcohol related crashes in the U.S. from 1985 to 2019.Accident; analysis and prevention · 2022Article
- Association between a delay in driving licensure and driving while impaired and riding with an impaired driver among emerging adults.Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research · 2021Article
- State alcohol policies, taxes, and availability as predictors of adolescent binge drinking trajectories into early adulthood.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2019Article
- Assessing Campus Alcohol Policies: Measuring Accessibility, Clarity, and Effectiveness.Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research · 2019Article
- How Strong is the "Fake ID Effect?" An Examination Using Propensity Score Matching in Two Samples.Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundTo control underage drinking in the United States, which has been associated with an estimated 5,000 deaths and 2.6 million injuries or other harm annually, each state has developed a unique set of laws. Previous research examining these laws' effectiveness has frequently focused on the laws' existence without considering variance in sanctions, enforcement, or exemptions.
methodsWe scored 20 minimum legal drinking age 21 (MLDA-21) laws for their strengths and weaknesses based on (i) sanctions for violating the law, (ii) exceptions or exemptions affecting application, and (iii) provisions affecting the law or enforcement. We then replicated a 2009 study of the effects of 6 MLDA-21 laws in 3 different ways (using identical structural equation modeling): Study 1-8 additional years of data, no law strengths; Study 2-years from the original study, added law strengths; Study 3-additional years, law strengths, serving as an update of the 6 laws' effects.
resultsIn all 3 studies-and the original study-keg registration laws were associated with both an unexpected significant increase (+11%, p < 0.001) in underage drinking-driver ratios and a notable 25% reduction in per capita beer consumption-opposing results that are difficult to explain. In Study 3, possession and purchase laws were associated with a significant decrease in underage drinking-driver fatal crash ratios (-4.9%, p < 0.001; -3.6%, p < 0.001, respectively). Similarly, zero tolerance and use and lose laws were associated with reductions in underage drinking-driver ratios (-2.8%, p < 0.001; -5.3%, p < 0.001, respectively).
conclusionsIncluding strengths and weaknesses of underage drinking laws is important when examining their effects on various outcomes as the model fit statistics indicated. We suggest that this will result in more accurate and more reliable estimates of the impact of the laws on various outcome measures.
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