ArticlePsychological assessment2016
Do neuropsychological test norms from African Americans in the United States generalize to a Zambian population?
Article in Psychological assessment, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Neurocognitive Changes in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3: A Systematic Review with a Narrative Design.Cerebellum (London, England) · 2022Pooled it
- Assessment of neurocognitive deficits in people living with HIV in Sub Saharan Africa: A systematic review.The Clinical neuropsychologistPooled it
- Neuropsychological Test Norms for the Assessment of HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Impairment Among South African Adults.AIDS and behavior · 2023Article
- Effect of coinfections on neurocognitive functioning among people with clade C HIV infection in Zambia.Journal of neurovirology · 2023Article
- Clinical Neuropsychological Evaluation in Older Adults With Major Depressive Disorder.Current psychiatry reports · 2021Review
- UDSNB 3.0 Neuropsychological Test Norms in Older Adults from a Diverse Community: Results from the Einstein Aging Study (EAS).Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2021Article
- Cognitive Impairment in Zambians With HIV Infection and Pulmonary Tuberculosis.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2019Article
- Effects of HIV on executive function and verbal fluency in Cameroon.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Effect of age and level of education on neurocognitive impairment in HIV positive Zambian adults.Neuropsychology · 2018Article
- Neuropsychological Assessment: Past and Future.Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS · 2017Review
- Use of Western Neuropsychological Test Battery in Detecting HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders (HAND) in Zambia.AIDS and behavior · 2017Article
- HIV- and AIDS-associated neurocognitive functioning in Zambia - a perspective based on differences between the genders.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2016Article
- Generalizability of demographically corrected Zambian neuropsychological norms to South African women.The Clinical neuropsychologistArticle
- Home-versus acquired-language test performance on the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised among multilingual South Africans.Applied neuropsychology. AdultArticle
- Automated procedure for demographic adjustments on cognitive test scores.Applied neuropsychology. AdultArticle
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10 authors.
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Abstract
Healthy Zambian adults (N = 324) were evaluated to determine to what degree a Western neuropsychological (NP) test battery, with African American norms adjusted for age, gender, and education could be used in healthy Zambians, including 157 men (48.46%) and 167 women (51.54%) with an average age of 38.48 (SD = 12.80) years and an average education level of 11.02 (SD = 2.58) years. The NP battery included tests of attention/working memory, executive function, verbal fluency, processing speed, verbal and visual episodic memory, and fine motor skills. The Zambian Achievement Test (ZAT) and the U.S. Wide Range Achievement Test-4 (WRAT-4) reading subtest also were administered to assess literacy and quality of education. Similar to findings in Western countries, the Zambian results show substantial age and education effects on most tests and smaller, less consistent effects of gender. Beyond the basic demographic effects, urban/rural background had small effects on some cognitive variables, and the ZAT (but not WRAT-4) reading level was a robust predictor of performance on many NP tests, even when other background characteristics were controlled. Women in the United States tend to outperform men on tests of processing speed and episodic memory. However, Zambian women showed modest but statistically significant disadvantages versus their male counterparts. The results show that tests developed in the United States may be used in Zambia. Nevertheless, development and use of local cultural norms remains very important and is a must. New demographically corrected norms were developed for the cohort that was examined.
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