ArticleJournal of developmental and physical disabilities2015
A Review of the Differences in Developmental, Psychiatric, and Medical Endophenotypes Between Males and Females with Autism Spectrum Disorder.
Article in Journal of developmental and physical disabilities, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 84 citations in OpenAlex.
- Auditory Sensitivity in Autism: A Systematic Review of Mismatch Negativity and Mismatch Field Responses.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2026Pooled it
- Is There a Bias Towards Males in the Diagnosis of Autism? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Neuropsychology review · 2025Pooled it
- Brief Report: Does Gender Matter in Intervention for ASD? Examining the Impact of the PEERSJournal of autism and developmental disorders · 2017Trial
- "Only Boys Can be Autistic": A Qualitative Exploration of Gender Stereotype and Socialization on the Diagnostic Journey.Autism in adulthood · 2026Article
- Expanding Understanding of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Girls and Women: A New Paradigm.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Targeting Histone H3K9 Methyltransferase G9a as a Potential Therapeutic Strategy for Neuropsychiatric Disorders.Medicinal research reviews · 2025Review
- Population-level gender-based analysis of the educational journeys of students with autism spectrum disorder in British Columbia, Canada.Autism : the international journal of research and practice · 2025Article
- Risk Factors for Autism Spectrum Disorder in Individuals Born Preterm: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Population-Based Studies.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2025Article
- Network Analysis of Symptoms of Generalized Anxiety and Autism: Discrete but Connected.International journal of developmental neuroscience : the official journal of the International Society for Developmental Neuroscience · 2025Article
- Contrasting Views of Autism Spectrum Traits in Adults, Especially in Self-Reports vs. Informant-Reports for Women High in Autism Spectrum Traits.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2024Article
- Likelihood of identifying autistic traits with the autism spectrum quotient (AQ) in male juveniles with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and severe behavioral problems (SBPs).BMC psychiatry · 2023Article
- Behavioral gender differences across Pre-School Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: a cross-sectional study.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2023Article
- Sex Differences on the ADOS-2.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2023Article
- National screening for Egyptian children aged 1 year up to 12 years at high risk of Autism and its determinants: a step for determining what ASD surveillance needs.BMC psychiatry · 2023Article
- Poststress social isolation exerts anxiolytic effects by activating the ventral dentate gyrus.Neurobiology of stress · 2023Article
- Allelic contribution of Nrxn1α to autism-relevant behavioral phenotypes in mice.PLoS genetics · 2023Article
- How neurotypical listeners recognize emotions expressed through vocal cues by speakers with high-functioning autism.PloS one · 2023Article
- Mobile Application to identify and recognize emotions for children with autism: A systematic review.Frontiers in child and adolescent psychiatry · 2023Review
- Gender and racial/ethnic differences in food selectivity in children with intellectual disabilities.Journal of applied research in intellectual disabilities : JARID · 2021Article
- Declining Trajectories of Co-occurring Psychopathology Symptoms in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A 10-Year Longitudinal Study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is over four times more prevalent in males compared to females. Increased understanding of sex differences in ASD endophenotypes could add insight into possible etiologies and the assessment and management of the disorder. Consequently, the purpose of this review is to describe current literature regarding sex differences in the developmental, psychiatric, and medical endophenotypes of ASD in order to illustrate current knowledge and areas in need of further research. Our review found that repetitive behaviors and restricted interests are more common in males than females with ASD. Intellectual disability is more common in females than males with ASD. Attention to detail may be more common in males than females with ASD and epilepsy may be more common in females than males with ASD, although limited research in these areas prevent definitive conclusions from being drawn. There does not appear to be a sex difference in other developmental, psychiatric, and medical symptoms associated with ASD, or the research was contradictory or too sparse to establish a sex difference. Our review is unique in that it offers detailed discussion of sex differences in three major endophenotypes of ASD. Further research is needed to better understand why sex differences exist in certain ASD traits and to evaluate whether phenotypic sex differences are related to different pathways of development, assessment, and treatment of the disorder.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.