ReviewThe Journal of allergy and clinical immunology2015
The allergy epidemics: 1870-2010.
Review in The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04813380 (Serum MicroRNAs 223 and 146a in Allergic Rhinitis Patients), which is not on this map. Cited by 211 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Serum MicroRNAs 223 and 146a in Allergic Rhinitis Patients: Correlation With Disease Severity and Their Role as Biomarkers for Efficacy of Sublingual Immunotherapy
Who cites it
211 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Association between exposure to greenness and atopic march in children and adults-A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2022Pooled it
- Effects of diacylglycerol-enriched alpha-linolenic acid oil on skin properties in mild skin discomfort: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.Scientific reports · 2026Trial
- Effect of a high-dose bioactive components formula on reducing common diseases in term neonates delivered by cesarean section: a randomized, open-label, controlled trial.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Trial
- Common Food Emulsifiers Impair Epithelial Barrier Integrity and Trigger Pro-Inflammatory Responses and IgE Production.Allergy · 2026Article
- Beyond Infection-Indoor Airborne Pathogens as Contributors to Respiratory Inflammation and Immune Dysregulation: A Narrative Review.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- mSphere of Influence: Understanding atopic disease through the dynamics of skin-microbe interactions.mSphere · 2026Article
- Gut microbial composition modulates endogenous food-specific CD4+ T cells in food allergy.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2026Article
- A Case for Anti-IgE Vaccination.Allergy · 2026Review
- The association of newborn metabolites with early-life wheezing and asthma among US children in the ECHO Program.Communications medicine · 2026Article
- Review
- Creation of the First Comparative Gluten Allergenicity Map Using a Mouse Model: A Preclinical Tool to Establish Substantial Equivalence of Novel Wheat Glutens.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Review
- The Impact of Environmental Pollution and Climate Change on Allergic Rhinitis and Lung Diseases.World journal of otorhinolaryngology - head and neck surgery · 2026Review
- Review
- Synbiotic Combination ofJournal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Article
- Article
- Association of prenatal exposure to phthalates with risks of asthma, wheeze, and allergic diseases during childhood: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of environmental health science & engineering · 2025Article
- Pre-chewing for weaning: A traditional method for allergy prevention? Rationale, study design, and methods of the open-label trial-Solids-by-Kiss.Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology · 2025Article
- Maternal IgE Influence on Fetal and Infant Health.Immunological reviews · 2025Review
151 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
Abstract
Before the first description of hay fever in 1870, there was very little awareness of allergic disease, which is actually similar to the situation in prehygiene villages in Africa today. The best explanation for the appearance and subsequent increase in hay fever at that time is the combination of hygiene and increased pollen secondary to changes in agriculture. However, it is important to remember that the major changes in hygiene in Northern Europe and the United States were complete by 1920. Asthma in children did not start to increase until 1960, but by 1990, it had clearly increased to epidemic numbers in all countries where children had adopted an indoor lifestyle. There are many features of the move indoors that could have played a role; these include increased sensitization to indoor allergens, diet, and decreased physical activity, as well as the effects of prolonged periods of shallow breathing. Since 1990, there has been a remarkable increase in food allergy, which has now reached epidemic numbers. Peanut has played a major role in the food epidemic, and there is increasing evidence that sensitization to peanut can occur through the skin. This suggests the possibility that changes in lifestyle in the last 20 years could have influenced the permeability of the skin. Overall, the important conclusion is that sequential changes in lifestyle have led to increases in different forms of allergic disease. Equally, it is clear that the consequences of hygiene, indoor entertainment, and changes in diet or physical activity have never been predicted.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.