ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence2015
Cannabis effects on driving lateral control with and without alcohol.
Article in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 101 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effects of Inhaled Cannabis on Driving Performance
Effects of Cannabis/Alcohol on Driving Performance and Field Sobriety Tests
Dose Ranging Clinical Study to Evaluate the Effects of Oral Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) With and Without Alcohol on Perception and Driving Performance in Healthy Adults
Who cites it
101 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 244 citations in OpenAlex.
- Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol detection times using mass spectroscopy in oral fluid: a systematic review using a 5 ng/mL cut-off value.International journal of legal medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Association of driving with blood delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol: a systematic review.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- International Perspectives on the Implications of Cannabis Legalization: A Systematic Review & Thematic Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Pooled it
- Psychoactive drug consumption among truck-drivers: a systematic review of the literature with meta-analysis and meta-regression.Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene · 2019Pooled it
- Impact of Cannabis Edibles Combined With Alcohol on Driving, Field Sobriety Performance, and Subjective Effects: A Within-Participant Crossover Trial.JAMA network open · 2026Trial
- Potency-related effects of smoked cannabis on simulated driving performance: a randomized, controlled crossover trial.Scientific reports · 2026Trial
- Acute Effects of Cannabis on Alcohol Craving and Consumption: A Randomized Controlled Crossover Trial.The American journal of psychiatry · 2026Trial
- Visual function and vehicle driving performance under the effects of cannabidiol: A randomized cross-over experiment.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2025Trial
- Driving Under the Influence of Cannabis: Impact of Combining Toxicology Testing with Field Sobriety Tests.Clinical chemistry · 2023Trial
- Effect of CannEpilJournal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2023Trial
- Can inhaled cannabis users accurately evaluate impaired driving ability? A randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in public health · 2023Trial
- Combined effect of alcohol and cannabis on simulated driving.Psychopharmacology · 2022Trial
- Trial
- Detection of acute 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) effects across protocols using automated natural language processing.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2020Trial
- Cannabidiol (CBD) content in vaporized cannabis does not prevent tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)-induced impairment of driving and cognition.Psychopharmacology · 2019Trial
- Differences in alcohol cognitions, consumption, and consequences among first-time DUI offenders who co-use alcohol and marijuana.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2018Trial
- Trial
- Cannabis in road traffic - a retrospective analysis to identify possible cut-off-values.Forensic science, medicine, and pathology · 2026Article
- Cannabis use frequency and driving safety: Associations between cannabis use frequency and driving perceptions and behaviors.Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2026Article
- Short-term residual effects of smoked cannabis on simulated driving performance.Psychopharmacology · 2026Article
41 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundEffects of cannabis, the most commonly encountered non-alcohol drug in driving under the influence cases, are heavily debated. We aim to determine how blood Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) concentrations relate to driving impairment, with and without alcohol.
methodsCurrent occasional (≥1×/last 3 months, ≤3days/week) cannabis smokers drank placebo or low-dose alcohol, and inhaled 500mg placebo, low (2.9%)-THC, or high (6.7%)-THC vaporized cannabis over 10min ad libitum in separate sessions (within-subject design, 6 conditions). Participants drove (National Advanced Driving Simulator, University of Iowa) simulated drives (∼0.8h duration). Blood, oral fluid (OF), and breath alcohol samples were collected before (0.17h, 0.42h) and after (1.4h, 2.3h) driving that occurred 0.5-1.3h after inhalation. We evaluated standard deviations of lateral position (lane weave, SDLP) and steering angle, lane departures/min, and maximum lateral acceleration.
resultsIn N=18 completers (13 men, ages 21-37years), cannabis and alcohol increased SDLP. Blood THC concentrations of 8.2 and 13.1μg/L during driving increased SDLP similar to 0.05 and 0.08g/210L breath alcohol concentrations, the most common legal alcohol limits. Cannabis-alcohol SDLP effects were additive rather than synergistic, with 5μg/L THC+0.05g/210L alcohol showing similar SDLP to 0.08g/210L alcohol alone. Only alcohol increased lateral acceleration and the less-sensitive lane departures/min parameters. OF effectively documented cannabis exposure, although with greater THC concentration variability than paired blood samples.
conclusionsSDLP was a sensitive cannabis-related lateral control impairment measure. During drive blood THC ≥8.2μg/L increased SDLP similar to notably-impairing alcohol concentrations. Despite OF's screening value, OF variability poses challenges in concentration-based effects interpretation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.