ReviewTrends in pharmacological sciences2015
Apelin, Elabela/Toddler, and biased agonists as novel therapeutic agents in the cardiovascular system.
Review in Trends in pharmacological sciences, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 71 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
71 citing papers in PubMed, 151 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Apelin-APJ Axis in Heart Failure: Mechanistic Insights, Clinical Evidence, and Translational Challenges.Cardiovascular drugs and therapy · 2026Review
- International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. CXXI. Apelin receptor pharmacology in the human cardiovascular system and emerging clinical applications.Pharmacological reviews · 2026Review
- Early Administration of Apelin Could Prevent Heart Failure Following Myocardial Injury; A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Archives of academic emergency medicine · 2025Review
- Structural and functional determination of peptide versus small molecule ligand binding at the apelin receptor.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Serum Elabela expression is decreased in hypertensive patients and could be associated with the progression of hypertensive renal damage.European journal of medical research · 2024Article
- The biased apelin receptor agonist, MM07, reverses Sugen/hypoxia-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension as effectively as the endothelin antagonist macitentan.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
- Elabela mitigates the early stage of inflammation in sepsis by inhibiting pyroptosis.American journal of translational research · 2024Article
- Molecular and functional characterization of the Drosophila melanogaster conserved smORFome.Cell reports · 2023Article
- The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2023/24: G protein-coupled receptors.British journal of pharmacology · 2023Article
- Serum Elabela level is significantly increased in patients with acromegaly.Irish journal of medical science · 2023Article
- Inducible apelin receptor knockdown reduces differentiation efficiency and contractility of hESC-derived cardiomyocytes.Cardiovascular research · 2023Article
- Comparative Study of Elabela and Apelin on Apelin Receptor Activation Through β-Arrestin Recruitment.Molecular biotechnology · 2023Article
- Signaling Modulation via Minimal C-Terminal Modifications of Apelin-13.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2023Article
- The G protein-coupled receptor ligand apelin-13 ameliorates skeletal muscle atrophy induced by chronic kidney disease.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2023Article
- Advances in the study of ELABELA in renal physiological functions and related diseases.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Review
- Expanding the apelin receptor pharmacological toolbox using novel fluorescent ligands.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
- Sexual Dimorphism in the Polarization of Cardiac ILCs through Elabela.Current issues in molecular biology · 2022Article
- Apelin-17 to diagnose idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension: A biomarker study.Frontiers in physiology · 2022Article
- Article
- Importance of ELABELA in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant lesions of the thyroid gland.Archives of endocrinology and metabolism · 2021Article
11 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Apelin and its G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) have emerged as a key signalling pathway in the cardiovascular system. The peptide is a potent inotropic agent and vasodilator. Remarkably, a peptide, Elabela/Toddler, that has little sequence similarity to apelin, has been proposed as a second endogenous apelin receptor ligand and is encoded by a gene from a region of the genome previously classified as 'non-coding'. Apelin is downregulated in pulmonary arterial hypertension and heart failure. To replace the missing endogenous peptide, 'biased' apelin agonists have been designed that preferentially activate G protein pathways, resulting in reduced β-arrestin recruitment and receptor internalisation, with the additional benefit of attenuating detrimental β-arrestin signalling. Proof-of-concept studies support the clinical potential for apelin receptor biased agonists.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.