ReviewBone & joint research2015
The importance of foetal movement for co-ordinated cartilage and bone development in utero : clinical consequences and potential for therapy.
Review in Bone & joint research, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Review on the Vagus Nerve and Autonomic Nervous System During Fetal Development: Searching for Critical Windows.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2021Pooled it
- Motion as Medicine: Physical Activity, Joint Sensitivity, and Pain Management-A Narrative Review.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Evaluation of IHH, PTCH1, and SMO protein immunohistochemistry in the human mandibular condyle at fetal stages from 30 to 80 mm greatest length.Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007) · 2026Article
- Skeletal progenitor LRP1 deficiency causes severe and persistent skeletal defects with Wnt pathway dysregulation.Bone research · 2025Article
- The ontogeny of human fetal trabecular bone architecture occurs in a limb-specific manner.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Presentation and multidisciplinary management of a unique case of lower limb dysmelia resulting from amniotic band syndrome.BMJ case reports · 2024Article
- Material properties in regenerating axolotl limbs using inverse finite element analysis.Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials · 2024Article
- Complex deformation of cartilage micropellets following mechanical stimulation promotes chondrocyte gene expression.Stem cell research & therapy · 2023Article
- The Role of the Piezo1 Mechanosensitive Channel in the Musculoskeletal System.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Building a Co-ordinated Musculoskeletal System: The Plasticity of the Developing Skeleton in Response to Muscle Contractions.Advances in anatomy, embryology, and cell biology · 2023Article
- Skeletal Muscle's Role in Prenatal Inter-organ Communication: A Phenogenomic Study with Qualitative Citation Analysis.Advances in anatomy, embryology, and cell biology · 2023Article
- Synovial joint cavitation initiates with microcavities in interzone and is coupled to skeletal flexion and elongation in developing mouse embryo limbs.Biology open · 2022Article
- Local mechanical stimuli correlate with tissue growth in axolotl salamander joint morphogenesis.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2022Article
- Tail movements by late-term fetal pitvipers resemble caudal luring: prenatal development of an ambush predatory behaviour.Royal Society open science · 2022Article
- Subtalar joint middle facet agenesis: a case report and literature review.Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA · 2022Review
- Restraint upon Embryonic MetatarsalInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Roles of mechanosensitive channel Piezo1/2 proteins in skeleton and other tissues.Bone research · 2021Review
- Computational Modeling of Developing Cartilage Using Experimentally Derived Geometries and Compressive Moduli.Journal of biomechanical engineering · 2019Article
- Mechanoadaptation: articular cartilage through thick and thin.The Journal of physiology · 2019Review
- Recessive mutations in muscle-specific isoforms of FXR1 cause congenital multi-minicore myopathy.Nature communications · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Construction of a functional skeleton is accomplished through co-ordination of the developmental processes of chondrogenesis, osteogenesis, and synovial joint formation. Infants whose movement in utero is reduced or restricted and who subsequently suffer from joint dysplasia (including joint contractures) and thin hypo-mineralised bones, demonstrate that embryonic movement is crucial for appropriate skeletogenesis. This has been confirmed in mouse, chick, and zebrafish animal models, where reduced or eliminated movement consistently yields similar malformations and which provide the possibility of experimentation to uncover the precise disturbances and the mechanisms by which movement impacts molecular regulation. Molecular genetic studies have shown the important roles played by cell communication signalling pathways, namely Wnt, Hedgehog, and transforming growth factor-beta/bone morphogenetic protein. These pathways regulate cell behaviours such as proliferation and differentiation to control maturation of the skeletal elements, and are affected when movement is altered. Cell contacts to the extra-cellular matrix as well as the cytoskeleton offer a means of mechanotransduction which could integrate mechanical cues with genetic regulation. Indeed, expression of cytoskeletal genes has been shown to be affected by immobilisation. In addition to furthering our understanding of a fundamental aspect of cell control and differentiation during development, research in this area is applicable to the engineering of stable skeletal tissues from stem cells, which relies on an understanding of developmental mechanisms including genetic and physical criteria. A deeper understanding of how movement affects skeletogenesis therefore has broader implications for regenerative therapeutics for injury or disease, as well as for optimisation of physical therapy regimes for individuals affected by skeletal abnormalities. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2015;4:105-116.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.