ArticlePsychopharmacology2015
Modeling bipolar disorder in mice by increasing acetylcholine or dopamine: chronic lithium treats most, but not all features.
Article in Psychopharmacology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evidence for pro-cognitive benefits of cannabinoids in people with bipolar disorder.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Trial
- Chemogenetic inhibition of the anterior cingulate cortex increases safe decision-making in aged mice performing the Iowa Gambling Task.Psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Cell-type targeted CRISPR/Cas9 Clock knockdown in mouse VTA dopamine neurons alter sleep, behavior, and cellular excitability.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Chronic cannabis use in people with bipolar disorder is associated with comparable decision-making and functional outcome to healthy participants.Translational psychiatry · 2025Article
- Behavioral manifestations and underlying mechanisms of amphetamine in constructing animal models of mania: a comprehensive review.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Review
- Patterns of ingestion of rats during chronic oral administration of lithium chloride.Physiology & behavior · 2024Article
- Genetic loss of the dopamine transporter significantly impacts behavioral and molecular responses to sub-chronic stress in mice.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2024Article
- The immunomodulatory effect of lithium as a mechanism of action in bipolar disorder.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Review
- LPS-induced impairment of NaMetabolic brain disease · 2022Article
- Effects of Prenatal Nicotine, THC, or Co-Exposure on Cognitive Behaviors in Adolescent Male and Female Rats.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2022Article
- Chronic lithium administration in a mouse model for Krabbe disease.JIMD reports · 2022Article
- Multiple cholinesterase inhibitors have antidepressant-like properties in the mouse forced swim test.Behavioural brain research · 2021Article
- Chronic antipsychotic treatment exerts limited effects on the mania-like behavior of dopamine transporter knockdown mice.Behavioural brain research · 2021Article
- Differential Expression Patterns of Lynx Proteins and Involvement of Lynx1 in Prepulse Inhibition.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2021Article
- Converging evidence that short-active photoperiod increases acetylcholine signaling in the hippocampus.Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience · 2020Article
- The cholinesterase inhibitor donepezil has antidepressant-like properties in the mouse forced swim test.Translational psychiatry · 2020Article
- Repurposing Cholinesterase Inhibitors as Antidepressants? Dose and Stress-Sensitivity May Be Critical to Opening Possibilities.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2020Review
- Cholinergic regulation of mood: from basic and clinical studies to emerging therapeutics.Molecular psychiatry · 2019Review
- An Oldie but Goodie: Lithium in the Treatment of Bipolar Disorder through Neuroprotective and Neurotrophic Mechanisms.International journal of molecular sciences · 2017Review
- Blockade of dopamine DJournal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
rationaleBipolar disorder (BD) is a disabling and life-threatening disease characterized by states of depression and mania. New and efficacious treatments have not been forthcoming partly due to a lack of well-validated models representing both facets of BD.
objectivesWe hypothesized that cholinergic- and dopaminergic-pharmacological manipulations would model depression and mania respectively, each attenuated by lithium treatment.
methodsC57BL/6 J mice received the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor physostigmine or saline before testing for "behavioral despair" (immobility) in the tail suspension test (TST) and forced swim test (FST). Physostigmine effects on exploration and sensorimotor gating were assessed using the cross-species behavioral pattern monitor (BPM) and prepulse inhibition (PPI) paradigms. Other C57BL/6 J mice received chronic lithium drinking water (300, 600, or 1200 mg/l) before assessing their effects alone in the BPM or with physostigmine on FST performance. Another group was tested with acute GBR12909 (dopamine transporter inhibitor) and chronic lithium (1000 mg/l) in the BPM.
resultsPhysostigmine (0.03 mg/kg) increased immobility in the TST and FST without affecting activity, exploration, or PPI. Lithium (600 mg/l) resulted in low therapeutic serum concentrations and normalized the physostigmine-increased immobility in the FST. GBR12909 induced mania-like behavior in the BPM of which hyper-exploration was attenuated, though not reversed, after chronic lithium (1000 mg/ml).
conclusionsIncreased cholinergic levels induced depression-like behavior and hyperdopaminergia induced mania-like behavior in mice, while chronic lithium treated some, but not all, facets of these effects. These data support a cholinergic-monoaminergic mechanism for modeling BD aspects and provide a way to assess novel therapeutics.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.