ArticleOncoimmunology2015
Anti-angiogenic activity of VXM01, an oral T-cell vaccine against VEGF receptor 2, in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer: A randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 1 trial.
Article in Oncoimmunology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 74 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bacteria-based immunotherapy for cancer: a systematic review of preclinical studies.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Pooled it
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- Magnetic medical microrobots with memory-capable genetic circuits.Science advances · 2026Article
- Microbiota in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma progression and therapy: The hidden players.Chinese medical journal · 2026Review
- Immunoinformatic insights for design and clinical prospects of pan-RAS cancer vaccine.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Design and Efficacy of Oncolytic Viruses and Antitumor Vaccines: A Dead End in the Immunotherapy of Pancreatic Cancer?International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Current status and future perspectives of multi-modal bacteria-based cancer therapies.Clinical and translational medicine · 2025Review
- The microbiome in cancer.iMeta · 2025Review
- Review
- Designing live bacterial therapeutics for cancer.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2025Review
- Article
- Dysbiosis-NK Cell Crosstalk in Pancreatic Cancer: Toward a Unified Biomarker Signature for Improved Clinical Outcomes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Rational Design and In Silico Evaluation of a Multiepitope Vaccine Targeting the uPAR for Cancer Immunotherapy.Journal of immunology research · 2025Article
- Salmonella-based therapeutic strategies: improving tumor microenvironment and bringing new hope for cancer immunotherapy.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2024Review
- Genetic engineering ofEcoSal Plus · 2024Review
- A Review of Clinical Trials Involving Genetically Modified Bacteria, Bacteriophages and Their Associated Risk Assessments.Applied biosafety : journal of the American Biological Safety Association · 2024Review
- Developing Vaccines in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma: Trials and Tribulations.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2024Review
- Exploiting bacteria for cancer immunotherapy.Nature reviews. Clinical oncology · 2024Review
- Current and future immunotherapeutic approaches in pancreatic cancer treatment.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2024Review
- Friend or Foe: Exploring the Relationship between the Gut Microbiota and the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Digestive Cancers.Microorganisms · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
29 authors at 7 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
VEGFR-2 is expressed on tumor vasculature and a target for anti-angiogenic intervention. VXM01 is a first in kind orally applied tumor vaccine based on live, attenuated Salmonella bacteria carrying an expression plasmid, encoding VEGFR-2. We here studied the safety, tolerability, T effector (Teff), T regulatory (Treg) and humoral responses to VEGFR2 and anti-angiogenic effects in advanced pancreatic cancer patients in a randomized, dose escalation phase I clinical trial. Results of the first 3 mo observation period are reported. Locally advanced or metastatic, pancreatic cancer patients were enrolled. In five escalating dose groups, 30 patients received VXM01 and 15 placebo on days 1, 3, 5, and 7. Treatment was well tolerated at all dose levels. No dose-limiting toxicities were observed. Salmonella excretion and salmonella-specific humoral immune responses occurred in the two highest dose groups. VEGFR2 specific Teff, but not Treg responses were overall increased in vaccinated patients. We furthermore observed a significant reduction of tumor perfusion after 38 d in vaccinated patients together with increased levels of serum biomarkers indicative of anti-angiogenic activity, VEGF-A, and collagen IV. Vaccine specific Teff responses significantly correlated with reductions of tumor perfusion and high levels of preexisting VEGFR2-specific Teff while those showing no antiangiogenic activity had low levels of preexisting VEGFR2 specific Teff, showed a transient early increase of VEGFR2-specific Treg and reduced levels of VEGFR2-specific Teff at later time points - pointing to the possibility that early anti-angiogenic activity might be based at least in part on specific reactivation of preexisting memory T cells.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.