ArticleJournal of epidemiology and community health2015
Spatial social polarisation: using the Index of Concentration at the Extremes jointly for income and race/ethnicity to analyse risk of hypertension.
Article in Journal of epidemiology and community health, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 84 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
84 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 151 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Racialized economic concentration predicts storm-related injuries and deaths in the United States, 2005-2022.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Allostatic Load, Neighborhood Disadvantage, and Birth Outcomes.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Relationship Between Residential Racial and Economic Segregation and Main Causes of Death in US Counties.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Neighborhood privilege and environmental conditions in urban parks: an analysis across the 24 most populated urban areas in the United States.Environmental research letters : ERL [Web site] · 2026Article
- Comparing Neighborhood Indices of Socioeconomic Status, Segregation, and Healthcare Access for Predicting Late-Stage Breast Cancer.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2026Article
- Spatial Social Polarization and Cardiometabolic Disease Prevalence and Incidence: What Is the Role of the Neighborhood Environment?Journal of health and social behavior · 2026Article
- Racialized economic segregation in relation to fecundability in a preconception cohort study.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2026Article
- Neighborhood built environment and loneliness dynamics among older Chinese immigrants in the United States.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2026Article
- The Relationship Between Zoning Policies, Racialized Economic Segregation and Life Expectancy Across Census Tracts in Chicago, 2010-2015.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- A Standard Measure of Structural Racism, Do We Have One? Can We Have One? A Narrative Review of Commonly Used Measures and Domains of Use.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Review
- Assessing residential neighborhood exposomes and their associations with cancer incidence: rationale, study design, and methods.American journal of epidemiology · 2025Article
- School Segregation During Adolescence is Associated with Higher 30-Year Cardiovascular Risk of Black but not White Young Adults.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- Associations of area-level and individual-level sociodemographic factors with adolescent phenotypes linked to subsequent cancer risk.Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) · 2025Article
- Association between spatial social polarisation and high blood pressure in older adults.Journal of epidemiology and community health · 2025Article
- Examining the Relationship Between Racial, Ethnic, and Economic Residential Segregation and Cigarette Smoking Among a Nationally Representative Sample of Young Adults.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025Article
- Influence of residential segregation and health provider density on advanced stage endometrial cancer diagnoses.Gynecologic oncology · 2025Article
- Measuring Spatial Social Polarization in Public Health Research: A Scoping Review of Methods and Applications.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2025Article
- The relationship between food and housing insecurity and healthcare use among Virginia Medicaid expansion members: Considering the neighborhood context.Health services research · 2025Article
- Racial inequities in cesarean use among high- and low-risk deliveries: An analysis of childbirth hospitalizations in New Jersey from 2000 to 2015.Health services research · 2025Article
24 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundGrowing spatial social and economic polarisation may be an important societal determinant of health, but only a few studies have used the recently developed Index of Concentration at the Extremes (ICE) to analyse the impact of joint concentrations of privilege and privation on health outcomes. We explore use of the ICE to investigate risk of hypertension in an urban, multiracial/ethnic, and predominantly working-class study population of US adults.
methodsWe generated novel ICE measures at the census tract level that jointly assess extreme concentrations of both income and racial/ethnic composition. We then linked the ICE measures to data from two observational, cross-sectional studies conducted in the Boston metropolitan area (2003-2004; 2008-2010; N=2145).
resultsThe ICE measure for extreme concentrations of white compared with black residents was independently associated with lower odds of hypertension (OR=0.76; 95% CI 0.62 to 0.93), controlling for race/ethnicity, age, gender, smoking, body mass index, household income, education and self-reported exposure to racial discrimination. Even stronger associations were observed for the ICE measures that compared concentrations of high-income white residents versus low-income residents of colour (OR=0.61; 95% CI 0.40 to 0.96) and high-income white versus low-income black residents (OR=0.48; 95% CI 0.29 to 0.81).
conclusionsResults suggest public health studies should explore the joint impact of racial/ethnic and economic spatial polarisation on population health.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.