Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26136081›Full record

ArticleJournal of epidemiology and community health2015

Mortality from heart failure, acute myocardial infarction and other ischaemic heart disease in England and Oxford: a trend study of multiple-cause-coded death certification.

Kazem Rahimi, Marie Duncan, Alex Pitcher, Connor A Emdin, Michael J Goldacre

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of epidemiology and community health, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
25citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying cardiovascular aging.Cellular & molecular biology letters · 2025
    Review
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  15. Acute Myocardial Infarction Mortality Rates and Trends in Romania between 1994 and 2017.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Kazem RahimiGeorge Institute for Global Health, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Marie DuncanUnit of Health-Care Epidemiology, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Alex PitcherDivision of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Connor A EmdinGeorge Institute for Global Health, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2385-8259
Michael J GoldacreUnit of Health-Care Epidemiology, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.

Funding

British Heart Foundation FS/08/077/26366Department of Health CDF-2013-06-012
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAge-standardised death rates from acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and ischaemic heart disease (IHD) have been declining in most developed countries. However, the magnitude of such reductions and how they impact on death from heart failure are less certain. We sought to assess and compare temporal trends in mortality from heart failure, AMI and non-AMI IHD over a 30-year period in England.

methodsWe analysed death registration data for multiple-cause-coded mortality for all deaths in people aged 35 years and over in England from 1995 to 2010, population 52 million, and in a regional population (Oxford region) from 1981 to 2010, population 2.5 million, for which data on all causes of death were available.

resultsConsidering all ages and both sexes combined, during the 30-year observation period, age-standardised and sex-standardised mortality rates based on all certified causes of death declined by 60% for heart failure, 80% for AMI and 46% for non-AMI IHD. These longer term trends observed in the Oxford region were consistent with those for the whole of England from 1995 to 2010, with no evidence of a plateau in recent years. Although proportional reductions in rates differed by age and sex, even in those aged 85 years or more, there were substantial reductions in mortality rates in the all-England data set (50%, 66% and 20% for heart failure, AMI and non-AMI IHD, respectively).

conclusionsThis study shows large and sustained reductions in age-specific and sex-specific and standardised death rates from heart failure, as well as from AMI and non-AMI IHD, over a 30-year period in England.

Indexed as

Age DistributionCardiovascular DiseasesCause of DeathDeath CertificatesEnglandFemaleHeart FailureHumansLongitudinal StudiesMaleMyocardial InfarctionMyocardial IschemiaSex DistributionCardiovascular diseaseCHD/CORONORARY HEARTEPIDEMIOLOGY

Identifiers

PMID26136081
PMCPMC4602272

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.