ArticleClinical and vaccine immunology : CVI2015
Human Neutrophil Lipocalin as a Superior Diagnostic Means To Distinguish between Acute Bacterial and Viral Infections.
Article in Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Human neutrophil lipocalin, procalcitonin, c-reactive protein, and leucocyte count for prediction of bacterial sepsis in emergency department patients.Scandinavian journal of trauma, resuscitation and emergency medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- Predictive value of cytokines combined with human neutrophil lipocalinin acute ischemic stroke-associated pneumonia.BMC neurology · 2024Article
- Hematologic cancers and infections: how to detect infections in advance and determine the type?Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Review
- Prognostic value of echocardiography parameters, peripheral blood T lymphocyte subpopulations, NF-κB, and CD64 levels in neonatal sepsis.American journal of translational research · 2024Article
- HNL Dimer in plasma is a unique and useful biomarker for the monitoring of antibiotic treatment in sepsis.PloS one · 2024Article
- Association of mTOR Pathway and Conformational Alterations in C-Reactive Protein in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Infections.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2023Review
- The Diagnostic Value of Human Neutrophilic Peptides 1-3 in Acute Pediatric Febrile Illness.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Evaluation of Plasma Lipocalin-2 as a Predictor of Etiology and Severity in Adult Patients with Community-Acquired Pneumonia.Microorganisms · 2023Article
- Performance Evaluation of Host Biomarker Combinations for the Diagnosis of Serious Bacterial Infection in Young Febrile Children: A Double-Blind, Multicentre, Observational Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin: a marker of urinary tract infection among febrile children.Clinical and experimental pediatrics · 2021Article
- Knockout of NGAL aggravates tubulointerstitial injury in a mouse model of diabetic nephropathy by enhancing oxidative stress and fibrosis.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2021Article
- Plasma Lipocalin-2 and Adiponectin are Affected by Obesity Rather Than Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus per se.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2021Article
- Bacterial versus non-bacterial infections: a methodology to support use-case-driven product development of diagnostics.BMJ global health · 2020Review
- Calprotectin, a new biomarker for diagnosis of acute respiratory infections.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Characterization of a subgroup of non-type 2 asthma with cow's milk hypersensitivity in young subjects.Clinical and translational allergy · 2019Article
- Association between the effect of controlled fluid resuscitation on massive hemorrhage and expression of human neutrophil lipocalin.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2018Article
- A host-protein signature is superior to other biomarkers for differentiating between bacterial and viral disease in patients with respiratory infection and fever without source: a prospective observational study.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2018Observational
- Human neutrophil lipocalin (HNL) as a biomarker of acute infections.Upsala journal of medical sciences · 2018Review
- Human Neutrophil Lipocalin in Activated Whole Blood Is a Specific and Rapid Diagnostic Biomarker of Bacterial Infections in the Respiratory Tract.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The distinction between causes of acute infections is a major clinical challenge. Current biomarkers, however, are not sufficiently accurate. Human neutrophil lipocalin (HNL) concentrations in serum or whole blood activated by formyl-methionine-leucine-phenylalanine (fMLP) were shown to distinguish acute infections of bacterial or viral cause with high accuracy. The aim was therefore to compare the clinical performance of HNL with currently used biomarkers. Seven hundred twenty-five subjects (144 healthy controls and 581 patients with signs and symptoms of acute infections) were included in the study. C-reactive protein (CRP), the expression of CD64 on neutrophils, procalcitonin (PCT), and blood neutrophil counts were measured by established techniques, and HNL concentrations were measured in whole-blood samples after activation with fMLP. All tested biomarkers were elevated in bacterial as opposed to viral infections (P < 0.001). CRP, PCT, and CD64 expression in neutrophils was elevated in viral infections compared to healthy controls (P < 0.001). In the distinction between healthy controls and patients with bacterial infections, the areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were >0.85 for all biomarkers, whereas for the distinction between bacterial and viral infections, only HNL concentration in fMLP-activated whole blood showed an area under the ROC curve (AUROC) of >0.90 and superior clinical performance. The clinical performance of HNL in fMLP-activated whole blood was superior to current biomarkers and similar to previous results of HNL in serum. The procedure can be adopted for point-of-care testing with response times of <15 min.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.