ArticleJournal of clinical microbiology2015
Cohort Study of Airway Mycobiome in Adult Cystic Fibrosis Patients: Differences in Community Structure between Fungi and Bacteria Reveal Predominance of Transient Fungal Elements.
Article in Journal of clinical microbiology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 80 citations in OpenAlex.
- The microbiome in allergic disease: Current understanding and future opportunities-2017 PRACTALL document of the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology and the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2017Guideline
- Review
- Comparison of Stool Microbiome in Children with Cystic Fibrosis Treated with and Without Elexacaftor-Tezacaftor-Ivacaftor-A Pilot Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Observational
- Impact of Antibiotic Therapy on the Upper Respiratory Tract and Gut Mycobiome in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- How to Assess Fungal Contamination of Indoor Air in Dwellings of Patients with Cystic Fibrosis?Mycopathologia · 2025Article
- Phylogenetic and ecological drivers of the avian lung mycobiome and its potentially pathogenic component.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Article
- Fungal lung disease.The European respiratory journal · 2024Review
- Metagenomics Applied to the Respiratory Mycobiome in Cystic Fibrosis.Mycopathologia · 2024Review
- Infection and the microbiome in bronchiectasis.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2024Review
- Insights into the Adolescent Cystic Fibrosis Airway Microbiome Using Shotgun Metagenomics.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Fungal Colonization of the Airways of Patients with Cystic Fibrosis: the Role of the Environmental Reservoirs.Mycopathologia · 2024Review
- The airway mycobiome and interactions with immunity in health and chronic lung disease.Oxford open immunology · 2024Review
- Distinct community structures of the fungal microbiome and respiratory health in adults with cystic fibrosis.Journal of cystic fibrosis : official journal of the European Cystic Fibrosis Society · 2023Article
- Detection and identification of fungi in the lower airway of children with and without cystic fibrosis.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- The Human Mycobiome: Colonization, Composition and the Role in Health and Disease.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- The Human Mycobiome in Chronic Respiratory Diseases: Current Situation and Future Perspectives.Microorganisms · 2022Review
- Breathing can be dangerous: Opportunistic fungal pathogens and the diverse community of the small mammal lung mycobiome.Frontiers in fungal biology · 2022Article
- A longitudinal study of the pulmonary mycobiome in subjects with and without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.PloS one · 2022Article
- Lung Microbiome in Critically Ill Patients.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The respiratory mycobiome is an important but understudied component of the human microbiota. Like bacteria, fungi can cause severe lung diseases, but their infection rates are much lower. This study compared the bacterial and fungal communities of sputum samples from a large cohort of 56 adult patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) during nonexacerbation periods and under continuous antibiotic treatment. Molecular fingerprinting based on single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis revealed fundamental differences between bacterial and fungal communities. Both groups of microorganisms were taxonomically classified by identification of gene sequences (16S rRNA and internal transcript spacer), and prevalences of single taxa were determined for the entire cohort. Major bacterial pathogens were frequently observed, whereas fungi of known pathogenicity in CF were detected only in low numbers. Fungal species richness increased without reaching a constant level (saturation), whereas bacterial richness showed saturation after 50 patients were analyzed. In contrast to bacteria, a large number of fungal species were observed together with high fluctuations over time and among patients. These findings demonstrated that the mycobiome was dominated by transient species, which strongly suggested that the main driving force was their presence in inhaled air rather than colonization. Considering the high exposure of human airways to fungal spores, we concluded that fungi have low colonization abilities in CF, and colonization by pathogenic fungal species may be considered a rare event. A comprehensive understanding of the conditions promoting fungal colonization may offer the opportunity to prevent colonization and substantially reduce or even eliminate fungus-related disease progression in CF.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.