SynthesisPloS one2015
Race/Ethnic Differences in the Associations of the Framingham Risk Factors with Carotid IMT and Cardiovascular Events.
Synthesis in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 93 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
93 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 201 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Mendelian randomization studies on coronary artery disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Racial and Ethnic Differences in the Association Between Classical Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Common Carotid Intima-Media Thickness: An Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2022Pooled it
- Diversity in Machine Learning: A Systematic Review of Text-Based Diagnostic Applications.Applied clinical informatics · 2022Pooled it
- Regional and demographic variations of Carotid artery Intima and Media Thickness (CIMT): A Systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2022Pooled it
- HIV, Vascular Risk Factors, and Cognition in the Combination Antiretroviral Therapy Era: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS · 2021Pooled it
- Nocturnal Hypertension and Subclinical Cardiac and Carotid Damage: An Updated Review and Meta-Analysis of Echocardiographic Studies.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2016Pooled it
- Prediction models for cardiovascular disease risk in the general population: systematic review.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2016Pooled it
- Epigenome-Wide Association Study in Asian Cohort Identifies Novel DNA Methylation Markers for Carotid Intima-Media Thickness.Research square · 2026Article
- Epigenome-Wide Association Study in Asian Cohort Identifies Novel DNA Methylation Markers for Carotid Intima-Media Thickness.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Towards responsible artificial intelligence in healthcare-getting real about real-world data and evidence.Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA · 2025Article
- Machine Learning Applications in Population and Public Health: Guidelines for Development, Testing, and Implementation.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2025Article
- Validation of the American Heart Association Predicting Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Events Equations in Diverse Socioeconomic Groups: The All of Us Cohort.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Article
- Specificity and Areas of Usage of Cardiovascular Prediction Models Among Athletes-State-of-the-art Review.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Review
- Segment-Specific Analysis of Carotid Intima-Media Thickness and Its Association with Cardiovascular Risk Factors in a Large Healthy Cohort.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Cardiometabolic Risk Clusters and Their Reproductive Correlates: A Latent Class Analysis of Indian Women.Global heart · 2025Article
- Subclinical vascular risk composites and dementia imaging biomarkers 17-20 years later in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA).Cerebral circulation - cognition and behavior · 2025Article
- Neuroimaging and biofluid biomarkers across race and ethnicity in older adults across the spectrum of cognition.Ageing research reviews · 2024Review
- Can we use machine learning to improve the interpretation and application of urodynamic data?: ICI-RS 2023.Neurourology and urodynamics · 2024Review
- Advances in the Application of AI Robots in Critical Care: Scoping Review.Journal of medical Internet research · 2024Article
33 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
37 authors at 20 institutions in 10 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundClinical manifestations and outcomes of atherosclerotic disease differ between ethnic groups. In addition, the prevalence of risk factors is substantially different. Primary prevention programs are based on data derived from almost exclusively White people. We investigated how race/ethnic differences modify the associations of established risk factors with atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events.
methodsWe used data from an ongoing individual participant meta-analysis involving 17 population-based cohorts worldwide. We selected 60,211 participants without cardiovascular disease at baseline with available data on ethnicity (White, Black, Asian or Hispanic). We generated a multivariable linear regression model containing risk factors and ethnicity predicting mean common carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and a multivariable Cox regression model predicting myocardial infarction or stroke. For each risk factor we assessed how the association with the preclinical and clinical measures of cardiovascular atherosclerotic disease was affected by ethnicity.
resultsEthnicity appeared to significantly modify the associations between risk factors and CIMT and cardiovascular events. The association between age and CIMT was weaker in Blacks and Hispanics. Systolic blood pressure associated more strongly with CIMT in Asians. HDL cholesterol and smoking associated less with CIMT in Blacks. Furthermore, the association of age and total cholesterol levels with the occurrence of cardiovascular events differed between Blacks and Whites.
conclusionThe magnitude of associations between risk factors and the presence of atherosclerotic disease differs between race/ethnic groups. These subtle, yet significant differences provide insight in the etiology of cardiovascular disease among race/ethnic groups. These insights aid the race/ethnic-specific implementation of primary prevention.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.