ArticleImmunology and cell biology2016
Reducing the impact of influenza-associated secondary pneumococcal infections.
Article in Immunology and cell biology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- TLR2-mediated activation of innate responses in the upper airways confers antiviral protection of the lungs.JCI insight · 2021Article
- Vaccine-Specific Immune Responses against Mycobacterium ulcerans Infection in a Low-Dose Murine Challenge Model.Infection and immunity · 2020Article
- Article
- TLR Agonists as Mediators of Trained Immunity: Mechanistic Insight and Immunotherapeutic Potential to Combat Infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Article
- Influenza-induced immune suppression to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is mediated by TLR9.PLoS pathogens · 2019Article
- The Toll-Like Receptor 2 agonist PEG-PamInternational journal for parasitology. Drugs and drug resistance · 2018Article
- Harnessing the Power of T Cells: The Promising Hope for a Universal Influenza Vaccine.Vaccines · 2018Review
- Quantifying the therapeutic requirements and potential for combination therapy to prevent bacterial coinfection during influenza.Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics · 2017Article
- Lethal Synergism between Influenza andJournal of infectious pulmonary diseases · 2016Article
- TLR vaccine adjuvants: closing the stable door before novel influenza strains bolt?Immunology and cell biology · 2016Article
- Role of Autophagy and Apoptosis in the Postinfluenza Bacterial Pneumonia.BioMed research international · 2016Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
When administered prophylactically, we show that the Toll-like receptor-2 (TLR-2) agonist PEG-Pam2Cys (pegylated-S-(2,3-bis(palmitoyloxy)propyl)cysteine) not only mediates potent anti-viral activity against influenza virus but also reduces the impact of secondary infections with Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) by reducing (i) pulmonary viral and bacterial burdens, (ii) the levels of proinflammatory cytokines that normally accompany influenza and S. pneumoniae secondary infections and (iii) the vascular permeability of the pulmonary tract that can allow bacterial invasion of the blood in mice. We also show that an inactivated detergent-disrupted influenza virus vaccine formulated with the Pam2Cys-based adjuvant R4-Pam2Cys provides the host with both immediate and long-term protection against secondary pneumococcal infections following influenza virus infection through innate and specific immune mechanisms, respectively. Vaccinated animals generated influenza virus-specific immune responses that provided the host with long-term protection against influenza virus and its sequelae. This vaccine, which generates an immediate response, provides an additional countermeasure, which is ideal for use even in the midst of an influenza outbreak.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.