ReviewToxins2015
Botulinum Toxin as a Pain Killer: Players and Actions in Antinociception.
Review in Toxins, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- Beyond Conventional Analgesics: Updated Evidence Supporting Botulinum Toxin Type A for-Neuralgia Management.International journal of medical sciences · 2026Pooled it
- Botulinum Toxin Effects on Freezing of Gait in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review.Toxins · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Prolonged Antipruritic Effect of Botulinum Toxin Type A on Cowhage-induced Itch: A Randomized, Single-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial.Acta dermato-venereologica · 2023Trial
- Trial
- Trial
- The role of botulinum toxin in the multimodal management of pain in Parkinson's disease: a scoping review.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2026Review
- Observational
- Perineural Administration of Botulinum Toxin for Chronic Pain Management: A Narrative Review.Pain research & management · 2026Review
- Botulinum Toxin Type A Reduces Pain and NF-κB Levels in a Rat Model of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome.Journal of pain research · 2026Article
- Cold responses and hormonal echoes: a comprehensive view of Raynaud's vascular dysfunction.Inflammopharmacology · 2025Review
- Intradermally injected abobotulinumtoxinA administered preemptively before surgery alleviates post-surgical pain and normalizes behavior in a translational animal model.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The efficacy of botulinum toxin in neuropathic pain: a systematic review.British journal of pain · 2024Article
- Exploring the Biomarkers and Potential Mechanisms of Botulinum Toxin Type A in the Treatment of Microglial Inflammatory Activation through P2X7 Receptors based on Transcriptome Sequencing.Current pharmaceutical design · 2024Article
- Botulinum toxin A as an alternative treatment for folliculitis decalvans.JAAD case reports · 2023Article
- Improvement of Pain and Function by Using Botulinum Toxin Type A Injection in Patients with an Osteoarthritic Knee with Patellar Malalignment: An Electromyographic Study.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Botulinum toxin A for management of refractory concurrent buccal and inferior alveolar nerve post-traumatic neuropathies: a case report.The Journal of international medical research · 2022Article
- Evaluation of Recombinant Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A1 Efficacy in Peripheral Inflammatory Pain in Mice.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2022Article
- Neurons, Glia, Extracellular Matrix and Neurovascular Unit: A Systems Biology Approach to the Complexity of Synaptic Plasticity in Health and Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) have been widely used to treat a variety of clinical ailments associated with pain. The inhibitory action of BoNTs on synaptic vesicle fusion blocks the releases of various pain-modulating neurotransmitters, including glutamate, substance P (SP), and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), as well as the addition of pain-sensing transmembrane receptors such as transient receptor potential (TRP) to neuronal plasma membrane. In addition, growing evidence suggests that the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of BoNTs are mediated through various molecular pathways. Recent studies have revealed that the detailed structural bases of BoNTs interact with their cellular receptors and SNAREs. In this review, we discuss the molecular and cellular mechanisms related to the efficacy of BoNTs in alleviating human pain and insights on engineering the toxins to extend therapeutic interventions related to nociception.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.