Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26134079›Full record

ArticleBiomaterials2015

Biomaterial bridges enable regeneration and re-entry of corticospinal tract axons into the caudal spinal cord after SCI: Association with recovery of forelimb function.

Kiran Pawar, Brian J Cummings, Aline Thomas, Lonnie D Shea, Ariel Levine, Sam Pfaff, Aileen J Anderson

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Biomaterials, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
43citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
5.5field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

43 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 72 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  4. Nanoparticle and epothilone D combinatorial intervention improves motor performance and regeneration in chronic cervical spinal cord injury.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Kiran PawarInstitute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (iMIND), University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
Brian J CummingsInstitute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (iMIND), University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, USA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
Aline ThomasDepartment of Chemical and Biological Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
Lonnie D SheaDepartment of Chemical and Biological Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
Ariel LevineSalk Institute, San Diego, USA.
Sam PfaffSalk Institute, San Diego, USA.
Aileen J AndersonInstitute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (iMIND), University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, USA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA. Electronic address: aja@uci.edu.
University of California, Irvine · USNorthwestern University · USSalk Institute for Biological Studies · US

Funding

Mechanisms of Plasticity in the Spinal CordZIANS003153 · NINDS · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS AND STROKE · PI LEVINE, ARIEL · 2016 to 2025
$20.9M
Controlled Release Scaffolds for Nerve RegenerationR01EB005678 · NIBIB · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI ANDERSON, AILEEN J, SHEA, LONNIE D · 2007 to 2018
$6.0M
Human neural stem cell therapy for the treatment of cervical spinal cord injury (U01NS079420 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE · PI ANDERSON, AILEEN J, CUMMINGS, BRIAN JOHN · 2013 to 2015
$2.3M
NIBIB NIH HHS 2R01EB005678-05NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB005678NINDS NIH HHS U01 NS079420
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Severed axon tracts fail to exhibit robust or spontaneous regeneration after spinal cord injury (SCI). Regeneration failure reflects a combination of factors, including the growth state of neuronal cell bodies and the regeneration-inhibitory environment of the central nervous system. However, while spared circuitry can be retrained, target reinnervation depends on longitudinally directed regeneration of transected axons. This study describes a biodegradable implant using poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLG) bridges as a carrier scaffold to support regeneration after injury. In order to detect regeneration of descending neuronal tracts into the bridge, and beyond into intact caudal parenchyma, we developed a mouse cervical implantation model and employed Crym:GFP transgenic mice. Characterization of Crym:GFP mice revealed that descending tracts, including the corticospinal tract, were labeled by green fluorescent protein (GFP), while ascending sensory neurons and fibers were not. Robust co-localization between GFP and neurofilament-200 (NF-200) as well as GFP and GAP-43 was observed at both the rostral and caudal bridge/tissue interface. No evidence of similar regeneration was observed in mice that received gelfoam at the lesion site as controls. Minimal co-localization between GFP reporter labeling and macrophage markers was observed. Taken together, these data suggest that axons originating from descending fiber tracts regenerated, entered into the PLG bridge at the rostral margin, continued through the bridge site, and exited to re-enter host tissue at the caudal edge of the intact bridge. Finally, regeneration through implanted bridges was associated with a reduction in ipsilateral forelimb errors on a horizontal ladder task.

Indexed as

Absorbable ImplantsNerve RegenerationAnimalsAxonsBiocompatible MaterialsFemaleForelimbGAP-43 ProteinGuided Tissue RegenerationLocomotionMiceMice, Inbred C57BLMice, Transgenicmu-CrystallinsPhagocytosisPolyglactin 910Biocompatible MaterialsCrym protein, mouseGAP-43 Proteinmu-CrystallinsPolyglactin 910BridgeCylinder reachingGrowth associated protein 43 (GAP-43)Ladder beamMacrophageNerve guidePoly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLG)RegenerationSpinal cord injury

Identifiers

PMID26134079
PMCPMC4523232
OpenAlexW2140734318

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.