ArticlePloS one2015
Lesion-Specific Immune Response in Granulomas of Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Pilot Study.
Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 62 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
62 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 96 citations in OpenAlex.
- Studying intrapulmonary pharmacokinetics for tuberculosis treatment: a systematic review of methodology.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2025Pooled it
- The immunoregulatory landscape of human tuberculosis granulomas.Nature immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Therapeutic remodeling of the tuberculosis granuloma with 1-methyl-D-tryptophan enhances CD8Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Immune endotypes in tuberculosis: Keys to decoding disease complexity.Journal of internal medicine · 2026Review
- Immune Dysregulation in HIV-TB Co-Infection: Role of Cytokines and T Cell Biomarkers-A Narrative Review.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Inflammasome Activation Differences Underpin DifferentMedComm · 2025Article
- Bioenergetic reprogramming of macrophages reduces drug tolerance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Therapeutic remodeling of the tuberculosis granuloma with 1-methyl-D-tryptophan enhances CD8bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Single-cell RNA sequencing in tuberculosis: Application and future perspectives.Chinese medical journal · 2025Review
- The Intricate Process of Calcification in Granuloma Formation and the Complications FollowingBiomolecules · 2025Review
- Unravelling the transcriptome of the human tuberculosis lesion and its clinical implications.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Inflammatory profiles in sputum and blood of people with TB with and without HIV coinfection.Tuberculosis (Edinburgh, Scotland) · 2025Article
- Pathogenic role for CD101-negative neutrophils in the type I interferon-mediated immunopathogenesis of tuberculosis.Cell reports · 2025Article
- Reprogramming the host: Mycobacterium tuberculosis as a silent architect of the immuno-tumoral.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Microenvironments of tuberculous granuloma: advances and opportunities for therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Imaging the Architecture of Granulomas Induced by Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection with Single-molecule Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2024Article
- Osteopontin/SPP1: a potential mediator between immune cells and vascular calcification.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Understanding the development of tuberculous granulomas: insights into host protection and pathogenesis, a review in humans and animals.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Editorial: Recent advancements in mycobacterial diseases research.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- High and Low Levels ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 9 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The formation and maintenance of granulomas is central to the host response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. It is widely accepted that the lungs of patients with tuberculosis (TB) usually contain multiple infection foci, and that the granulomas evolve and differentiate independently, resulting in considerable heterogeneity. Although gene expression profiles of human blood cells have been proposed as biomarkers of Mtb infection and/or active disease, the immune profiles of discrete lesion types has not been studied extensively. Using histology, immunopathology and genome-wide transcriptome analysis, we explored the immunological profile of human lung TB granulomas. We show that although the different granulomas share core similarities in their immunological/inflammatory characteristics, they also exhibit significant divergence. Despite similar numbers of CD68+ macrophages in the different lesions, the extent of immune reactivity, as determined by the density of CD3+ T cells in the macrophage rich areas, and the extent of fibrosis, shows considerable variation. Both quantitative and qualitative differences among significantly differentially expressed genes (SDEG) were noted in each of the lesion types studied. Further, network/pathway analysis of SDEG revealed differential regulation of inflammatory response, immune cell trafficking, and cell mediated immune response in the different lesions. Our data highlight the formidable challenges facing ongoing efforts to identify peripheral blood biomarkers due to the diversity of lesion types and complexity of local immune responses in the lung.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.