ReviewPhysiological reviews2015
Spreading Depression, Spreading Depolarizations, and the Cerebral Vasculature.
Review in Physiological reviews, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05095857 (S-ketamine for Cortical Spreading Depolarisation in Patients With Severe Acute Brain Injury), which is not on this map. Cited by 312 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
S-ketamine for Cortical Spreading Depolarisation in Patients With Severe Acute Brain Injury
Who cites it
312 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 548 citations in OpenAlex.
- Migraine-like headaches: a systematic review of secondary etiologies, clinical features and therapeutic patterns (1977-2024).The journal of headache and pain · 2025Pooled it
- Ketamine for Critically Ill Patients with Severe Acute Brain Injury: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials.Neurocritical care · 2025Pooled it
- The 200 most influential publications in migraine research: a bibliometric mapping of the intellectual landscape.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Pooled it
- Progressive microvascular failure in acute ischemic stroke: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and time-course analysis.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2024Pooled it
- Migraine aura-like episodes following sclerotherapy for varicose veins of the lower extremities-A systematic review.Headache · 2023Pooled it
- Effects of erenumab on migraine aura frequency: a REFORM study.The journal of headache and pain · 2026Trial
- Acupuncture for Migraine Without Aura and Connection-Based Efficacy Prediction: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2026Trial
- Association Between Spreading Depolarization and Delayed Cerebral Ischemia After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Post Hoc Analysis of a Randomized Trial of the Effect of Cilostazol on Delayed Cerebral Ischemia.Neurocritical care · 2021Trial
- A roadmap towards clinical use of molecular biomarkers in acute ischaemic stroke.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2026Review
- Detection and Quantification of Spreading Depolarization in Drosophila melanogaster Using High-Throughput, Wide-Field Brain Imaging.Current protocols · 2026Article
- A Ubiquitous Blood Flow Biomarker to Calculate Hypoxic-Ischemic Depolarization Latency in a Mouse Model of Focal Ischemic Stroke: Insight Into Metabolic and Electrophysiological Resilience.Translational stroke research · 2026Article
- Shrinking of Extracellular Space During Metabolic Stress Accelerates Amyloid-β Aggregation.Biomolecules · 2026Article
- Whole brain fluorescence imaging iniScience · 2026Article
- Dual role of spreading depolarization in an epileptic focus.Epilepsia · 2026Article
- Dissecting the shared genetic architecture between migraine subtypes and cardiovascular diseases: a multi-layered genomic analysis.The journal of headache and pain · 2026Article
- Tissue oxygenation dynamics during transition from seizure to spreading depolarization in rat brain.Epilepsia · 2026Article
- CGRP-targeted migraine treatment and early pathophysiology in experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage.The journal of headache and pain · 2026Article
- Initiation site of experimentally-evoked spreading depolarizations influence tissue outcomes in a murine stroke model.Experimental neurology · 2026Article
- Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Investigating the Role of the Hippocampus in Migraine with Aura.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- A Review of Vagus Nerve Stimulation for Disease: Comprehensive Theory and Evidence for Mechanisms of Action.Comprehensive physiology · 2026Review
252 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Spreading depression (SD) is a transient wave of near-complete neuronal and glial depolarization associated with massive transmembrane ionic and water shifts. It is evolutionarily conserved in the central nervous systems of a wide variety of species from locust to human. The depolarization spreads slowly at a rate of only millimeters per minute by way of grey matter contiguity, irrespective of functional or vascular divisions, and lasts up to a minute in otherwise normal tissue. As such, SD is a radically different breed of electrophysiological activity compared with everyday neural activity, such as action potentials and synaptic transmission. Seventy years after its discovery by Leão, the mechanisms of SD and its profound metabolic and hemodynamic effects are still debated. What we did learn of consequence, however, is that SD plays a central role in the pathophysiology of a number of diseases including migraine, ischemic stroke, intracranial hemorrhage, and traumatic brain injury. An intriguing overlap among them is that they are all neurovascular disorders. Therefore, the interplay between neurons and vascular elements is critical for our understanding of the impact of this homeostatic breakdown in patients. The challenges of translating experimental data into human pathophysiology notwithstanding, this review provides a detailed account of bidirectional interactions between brain parenchyma and the cerebral vasculature during SD and puts this in the context of neurovascular diseases.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.