ArticleSleep2015
A Longitudinal Twin Study of Insomnia Symptoms in Adults.
Article in Sleep, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 88 citations in OpenAlex.
- Anti-inflammatory effects of immunotherapy in clinical treatment and its potential mechanism in alleviating sleeping disorders: A systematic bibliometric study.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Pooled it
- Genome-wide meta-analysis of insomnia prioritizes genes associated with metabolic and psychiatric pathways.Nature genetics · 2022Pooled it
- Genome-wide analysis of insomnia in 1,331,010 individuals identifies new risk loci and functional pathways.Nature genetics · 2019Pooled it
- Altered Effective Connectivity of Precuneus Subregions and Associated Gene Profiles in Chronic Insomnia Disorder Patients Before and After Treatment.Brain and behavior · 2026Trial
- The serotonin transporter gene-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) and the sleep-promoting effects of tryptophan: A randomized placebo-controlled crossover study.Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2019Trial
- Insomnia and women: exploring vulnerability, impact, and intervention.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2026Review
- Genetic disparities in sleep traits and human capital development: A 25-year study in Finnish population-based cohorts.Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health · 2026Article
- Shared genetic architecture between Parkinson's disease and self-reported sleep-related traits implicates theSleep advances : a journal of the Sleep Research Society · 2026Article
- The interplay between genomic copy number variants, sleep, and cognition in the general population.Translational psychiatry · 2025Article
- Insomnia and Female Reproductive Diseases: A Cross-Sectional and Mendelian Randomization Study.International journal of women's health · 2025Article
- A genome-wide methylation analysis of Chinese Han patients with chronic insomnia disorder.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2024Article
- Insomnia as a Risk Factor for Substance Use Disorders in Women.Sleep medicine clinics · 2023Review
- Shared and differential fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation patterns at rest in major depressive disorders with or without sleep disturbance.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
- Genetics of circadian rhythms and sleep in human health and disease.Nature reviews. Genetics · 2023Review
- More prevalent and more severe: gender differences of depressive symptoms in Chinese adolescents.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Sleepless in inequality: findings from the 2018 behavioral risk factor surveillance system, a cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Efficacy of a digital cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia in people with low back pain: a feasibility randomized co-twin and singleton-controlled trial.Pilot and feasibility studies · 2022Article
- Evaluating the Effects of Diet-Gut Microbiota Interactions on Sleep Traits Using the UK Biobank Cohort.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Shared Genetics and Causality Between Decaffeinated Coffee Consumption and Neuropsychiatric Diseases: A Large-Scale Genome-Wide Cross-Trait Analysis and Mendelian Randomization Analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
- Sleep-EEG-based parameters for discriminating fatigue and sleepiness.Frontiers in sleep · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTwin modeling was used to conduct a genetically informative longitudinal analysis of insomnia symptoms in both sexes.
methodData from the Virginia Adult Twin Studies of Psychiatric and Substance Use Disorders (n = 7,500) were used. Past-month insomnia symptoms were assessed at two time points with the shortened version of the Symptom Checklist-90. A composite score for the insomnia items (trouble falling asleep, restless or disturbed sleep, early morning awakenings) was computed. Twin modeling on the composite score was conducted in OpenMx to decompose the phenotypic variance, to examine the longitudinal stability of etiologic influences on insomnia symptoms, and to test for sex differences.
resultsInsomnia symptoms were most commonly endorsed at a mild severity level (composite score mean = 2.24, standard deviation = 2.51). There was no evidence for sex effects in either of the univariate models, and insomnia symptoms were found to be modestly heritable (~25% at Time 1 and ~22% at Time 2). In the longitudinal measurement model, which accounts for error of measurement, the heritability for the latent factor of insomnia symptoms increased substantially, and demonstrated quantitative sex differences. The heritability of the latent insomnia factor was ~59% in females and ~38% in males.
conclusionsGenetic factors influence insomnia symptoms in adults, moreso for females than males, and these influences are largely stable over time. When taking into account measurement error, heritability estimates are substantial, but unique environmental factors continue to account for a large amount of variance in insomnia symptoms.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.