ReviewAnnals of the New York Academy of Sciences2015
Impact of diabetes on cognitive function and brain structure.
Review in Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 252 papers, 13 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
252 citing papers in PubMed, 13 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 500 citations in OpenAlex.
- The effect of different exercise interventions on global cognitive function in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2026Pooled it
- Prevalence, risk factors, and early prediction of cognitive impairment in patients with diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Evaluation of Event-Related Potentials in Somatic Diseases - Systematic Review.Applied psychophysiology and biofeedback · 2024Pooled it
- Quantitative susceptibility mapping for iron monitoring of multiple subcortical nuclei in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Pooled it
- A systematic review of the impact of type 2 diabetes on brain cortical thickness.Frontiers in dementia · 2024Pooled it
- Cognitive impairment and associated factors among patients with diabetes mellitus in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Pooled it
- Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors alleviate cognitive dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus.Lipids in health and disease · 2023Pooled it
- Outcomes and clinical implications of intranasal insulin on cognition in humans: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Metformin use is associated with a reduced risk of cognitive impairment in adults with diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Pooled it
- Regional Spontaneous Neural Activity Alterations in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-Analysis of Resting-State Functional MRI Studies.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2021Pooled it
- Brain Mass (Energy) Resistant to Hyperglycaemic Oversupply: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2021Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of sitagliptin treatment in older adults with moderately controlled type 2 diabetes: the STREAM study.Scientific reports · 2023Trial
- Does computerized cognitive training improve diabetes self-management and cognition? A randomized control trial of middle-aged and older veterans with type 2 diabetes.Diabetes research and clinical practice · 2023Trial
- Associations between cognitive function and endogenous levels of estradiol and testosterone in adults with type 2 diabetes.Journal of diabetes and its complications · 2022Trial
- The cross-sectional association of cognition with diabetic peripheral and autonomic neuropathy-The GRADE study.Journal of diabetes and its complications · 2021 · on this mapTrial
- Shared cortical morphometry and molecular signatures across depression and physical diseases.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Brain-derived neurotrophic factor in diabetes: A promising target for cognitive restoration.iScience · 2026Review
- Diabetes-Associated Cognitive Dysfunction: Pathophysiology, Molecular Mechanisms, and Emerging Therapeutic Strategies.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2026Review
192 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Both type 1 and type 2 diabetes have been associated with reduced performance on multiple domains of cognitive function and with structural abnormalities in the brain. With an aging population and a growing epidemic of diabetes, central nervous system-related complications of diabetes are expected to rise and could have challenging future public health implications. In this review, we will discuss the brain structural and functional changes that have been associated with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Diabetes duration and glycemic control may play important roles in the development of cognitive impairment in diabetes, but the exact underlying pathophysiological mechanisms causing these changes in cognition and structure are not well understood. Future research is needed to better understand the natural history and the underlying mechanisms, as well as to identify risk factors that predict who is at greatest risk of developing cognitive impairment. This information will lead to the development of new strategies to minimize the impact of diabetes on cognitive function.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.