ArticlePLoS genetics2015
mTOR Directs Breast Morphogenesis through the PKC-alpha-Rac1 Signaling Axis.
Article in PLoS genetics, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- The mTOR signaling pathway regulates key steps of mammary gland organoid genesis in a temporal manner.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- mTORC2-mediated cell-cell interactions promote BMP4-induced WNT activation and mesoderm differentiation.Stem cell reports · 2025Article
- Review
- Rictor orchestrates β-catenin/FOXO balance by maintaining redox homeostasis during development of ovarian cancer.Oncogene · 2025Article
- Induction of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cell Death and Chemosensitivity Using mTORC2-Directed RNAi Nanomedicine.Cancer research communications · 2025Article
- Single-Cell Transcription Mapping of Murine and Human Mammary Organoids Responses to Female Hormones.Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia · 2024Article
- Desipramine induces eryptosis in human erythrocytes, an effect blunted by nitric oxide donor sodium nitroprusside and N-acetyl-L-cysteine but enhanced by Calcium depletion.Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) · 2023Article
- Targeting mTOR for Anti-Aging and Anti-Cancer Therapy.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Ras-mediated activation of mTORC2 promotes breast epithelial cell migration and invasion.Molecular biology of the cell · 2023Article
- Neuronal-epithelial cross-talk drives acinar specification via NRG1-ERBB3-mTORC2 signaling.Developmental cell · 2022Article
- Rac1 promotes kidney collecting duct integrity by limiting actomyosin activity.The Journal of cell biology · 2021Article
- Transcriptomic analysis of the seminal vesicle response to the reproductive toxicant acrylamide.BMC genomics · 2021Article
- BAD regulates mammary gland morphogenesis by 4E-BP1-mediated control of localized translation in mouse and human models.Nature communications · 2021Article
- The specific PKC-α inhibitor chelerythrine blunts costunolide-induced eryptosis.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2020Article
- Signal Transduction Pathways in Breast Cancer: The Important Role of PI3K/Akt/mTOR.Journal of oncology · 2020Review
- Construction of Protein-related Risk Score Model in Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma.BioMed research international · 2020Article
- O-cyclic phytosphingosine-1-phosphate stimulates HIF1α-dependent glycolytic reprogramming to enhance the therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells.Cell death & disease · 2019Article
- Classical Protein Kinase C: a novel kinase target in breast cancer.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2019Review
- The Host Scaffolding Protein Filamin A and the Exocyst Complex Control Exocytosis during InlB-Mediated Entry ofInfection and immunity · 2019Article
- Rictor ablation in BMSCs inhibits bone metastasis of TM40D cells by attenuating osteolytic destruction and CAF formation.International journal of biological sciences · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Akt phosphorylation is a major driver of cell survival, motility, and proliferation in development and disease, causing increased interest in upstream regulators of Akt like mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2). We used genetic disruption of Rictor to impair mTORC2 activity in mouse mammary epithelia, which decreased Akt phosphorylation, ductal length, secondary branching, cell motility, and cell survival. These effects were recapitulated with a pharmacological dual inhibitor of mTORC1/mTORC2, but not upon genetic disruption of mTORC1 function via Raptor deletion. Surprisingly, Akt re-activation was not sufficient to rescue cell survival or invasion, and modestly increased branching of mTORC2-impaired mammary epithelial cells (MECs) in culture and in vivo. However, another mTORC2 substrate, protein kinase C (PKC)-alpha, fully rescued mTORC2-impaired MEC branching, invasion, and survival, as well as branching morphogenesis in vivo. PKC-alpha-mediated signaling through the small GTPase Rac1 was necessary for mTORC2-dependent mammary epithelial development during puberty, revealing a novel role for Rictor/mTORC2 in MEC survival and motility during branching morphogenesis through a PKC-alpha/Rac1-dependent mechanism.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.