ArticleMedical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research2015
Delays in Motor Development in Children with Down Syndrome.
Article in Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 63 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
63 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 167 citations in OpenAlex.
- Socio-Ecological Factors of Physical Activity in Children and Adolescents With Down Syndrome: A Mixed-Methods Systematic Review.Journal of intellectual disability research : JIDR · 2026Pooled it
- Balance control in children and adolescents with intellectual disability: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2025Pooled it
- Neuromuscular exercise in children with Down Syndrome: a systematic review.Scientific reports · 2022Pooled it
- Therapeutic exercise to improve motor function among children with Down Syndrome aged 0 to 3 years: a systematic literature review and meta‑analysis.Scientific reports · 2022Pooled it
- The effect of dual-task on postural control and gait in individuals with Down syndrome: a systematic review.Frontiers in neurologyPooled it
- The effect of a telehealth exercise intervention on balance in adults with Down syndrome.Journal of applied research in intellectual disabilities : JARID · 2023Trial
- Immersive reality training for gross motor outcomes in children with Down syndrome.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Developmental Profile and Variability in Preschool-Age Children With Down Syndrome.Journal of intellectual disability research : JIDR · 2026Article
- Review of early development in children with Down syndrome: family and clinician partnership.BMJ paediatrics open · 2026Review
- Test-retest reliability of the Test of Gross Motor Development-3 instrument for children with Down syndrome.African journal of disability · 2026Article
- Between care and collapse: the hidden health and emotional struggles of Saudi mothers of children with Down syndrome.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Sleep in Infants with Down Syndrome or Familial Likelihood of Autism in the First Year of Life.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2025Article
- An integrated multi-omic natural history study of human development, sexual dimorphism, and the effects of trisomy 21.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Cholinotrophic basal forebrain connectome dysfunction in Down syndrome with and without dementia.iScience · 2025Article
- A Comparison of Developmental Profiles of Preschool Children with Down Syndrome, Global Developmental Delay, and Developmental Language Disorder.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Calcineurin inhibition may prevent Alzheimer disease in people with Down syndrome.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Review
- Review
- A Tele-Coaching Pilot Study: An Innovative Approach to Enhance Motor Skills in Adolescents With Down Syndrome.Journal of applied research in intellectual disabilities : JARID · 2025Article
- A Dive Into Cerebellar Dysfunction, Motor Deficits and GABAergic Signaling in Down Syndrome.Cureus · 2025Review
- Postural Differences in Speaking Versus Non-Speaking Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
3 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundChildren with Down syndrome (DS) present with delays in motor development. The reduced size of the cerebrum, brain maturation disorders, and pathophysiological processes lead to motor development delay. The aim of this study was to examine the gross motor function and estimate what motor abilities are significantly delayed in children with Down syndrome even if they attend physical therapy sessions. Another purpose of the study was to assess the functional balance. MATERIAL AND
methodsThe study group consisted of 79 children with DS (42 boys, 37 girls), average age 6 years and 3 months ± 4 years and 6 months. Participants were divided into 3 groups according to (i) age: <3 years old, 3-6 years old, and >6 years old; and (ii) motor impairment scale: mild (SNR 1), moderate (SNR 2), and severe (SNR 3). Children were assessed using the Gross Motor Function Measure-88 (GMFM-88) and Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS).
resultsNone of the assessed children developed all the functions included in GMFM-88. The standing position was achieved at the specified age by 10% of children in the first age group (<3 years old) and 95% of children aged 3-6 years. Similarly, the walking ability was performed by 10% of children under 3 years old and by 95% of children aged 3-6 years. The median score of PBS was 50 points (min. 34 p. - max. 56 p.). There was a statistically significant correlation between PBS scores and GMFM-88 scores, r=0.7; p<0.0001, and between balance scores and GMFM - 88 E (walking, running, jumping) (r=0.64; p<0.0001).
conclusionsMotor development, especially standing position and walking ability, is delayed in children with Down syndrome. Balance and motor functions are correlated with each other, so both aspects of development should be consider together in physical therapy of children with Down syndrome.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.