Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26131930›Full record

SynthesisNature2015

Directional dominance on stature and cognition in diverse human populations.

Peter K Joshi, Tonu Esko, Hannele Mattsson, Niina Eklund, Ilaria Gandin, Teresa Nutile, Anne U Jackson, Claudia Schurmann, Albert V Smith, Weihua Zhang and 350 more

Open access · bronzeAbstract readMeta-Analysis
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Nature, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 108 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
108citing papers in PubMed, 6 pooled it
20.0field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

108 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 200 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  14. Genotypic and phenotypic consequences of domestication in dogs.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
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48 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

360 authors at 20 institutions in 27 countries.

Peter K Joshi *Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland.
Tonu Esko *Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Riia 23b, 51010, Tartu, Estonia.
Hannele MattssonUnit of Public Health Genomics, National Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 104, Helsinki, FI-00251, Finland.
Niina EklundUnit of Public Health Genomics, National Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 104, Helsinki, FI-00251, Finland.
Ilaria GandinDepartment of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447 - Osp. di Cattinara, Trieste, 34149, Italy.
Teresa NutileInstitute of Genetics and Biophysics "A. Buzzati-Traverso" CNR, via Pietro Castellino, 111, Naples, 80131, Italy.
Anne U JacksonDepartment of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48109, MI, USA.
Claudia SchurmannThe Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, 10029, USA.
Albert V SmithIcelandic Heart Association, Holtasmari 1, 201, Kopavogur, Iceland.
Weihua ZhangDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK.
Yukinori OkadaDepartment of Human Genetics and Disease Diversity, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyoku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.
Alena StančákováDepartment of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland.
Jessica D FaulInstitute for Social Research, University of Michigan, 426 Thompson Street, 48104, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Wei ZhaoDepartment of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, 48109, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Traci M BartzCardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Biostatistics and Medicine, University of Washington, 1730 Minor Ave, Suite 1360, Seattle, 98101, WA, USA.
Maria Pina ConcasInstitute of Population Genetics, National Research Council, Trav. La Crucca n. 3 - Reg. Baldinca, Sassari, 07100, Italy.
Nora FranceschiniEpidemiology, University of North Carolina, 137 E. Franklin St., Suite 306, 27599-8050, Chapel Hill, USA.
Stefan EnrothImmunology, Genetics & Pathology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, Box 815, Uppsala, SE-751 08, Sweden.
Veronique VitartMRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, EH4 2XU, Edinburgh, UK.
Stella TrompetDepartment of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center , PO Box 9600, Leiden, Netherlands.
Xiuqing GuoInstitute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences , Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, 1124 W. Carson Street, Torrance, 90502, USA.
Daniel I ChasmanDivision of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 900 Commonwealth Avenue, East, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
Jeffery R O'ConnelDivision of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition and Program for Personalised and Genomic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 Baltimore St. MSTF, Baltimore, 21201, USA.
Tanguy CorreDepartment of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 27, Lausanne, 1005, Switzerland.
Suraj S NongmaithemGenomic Research on Complex Diseases (GRC) Group, CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Habshiguda, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, India.
Yuning ChenDepartment of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, 801 Massachusetts Avenue, Boston, 02118, MA, USA.
Massimo ManginoDepartment of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, South Wing, Block D, 3rd Floor, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
Daniela RuggieroInstitute of Genetics and Biophysics "A. Buzzati-Traverso" CNR, via Pietro Castellino, 111, Naples, 80131, Italy.
Michela TragliaDivision of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, Milano, 20132, Italy.
Aliki-Eleni FarmakiDepartment of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, 70, El. Venizelou Ave, Athens, 17671, Greece.
Tim KacprowskiInterfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Str. 15A, Greifswald, 17475, Germany.
Andrew BjonnesCenter for Human Genetic Research , 55 Fruit Street, Massachusetts General Hospital, 2114, USA.
Ashley van der SpekDepartment of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, PO Box 2040, Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands.
Ying WuDepartment of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 27599, NC, USA.
Anil K GiriGenomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi, 110025, India.
Lisa R YanekThe GeneSTAR Research Program, Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21287, Maryland, USA.
Lihua WangDepartment of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, 4444 Forest Park Boulevard, Saint Louis, 63108, MO, USA.
Edith HoferDepartment of Neurology, Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 22, Graz, A-8036, Austria.
Cornelius A RietveldErasmus School of Economics, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Burgemeester Oudlaan 50, Rotterdam, 3000 DR, The Netherlands.
Olga McLeodAtherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, CMM L8:03, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Stockholm, 171 76, Sweden.
Marilyn C CornelisChanning Division of Network Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, 181 Longwood, Boston, 02115, USA.
Cristian PattaroCenter for Biomedicine, European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC), Bolzano, Italy - Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
Niek VerweijUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, 9700RB, The Netherlands.
Clemens BaumbachResearch Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany.
Abdel AbdellaouiDepartment of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Helen R WarrenClinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.
Dragana VuckovicDepartment of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447 - Osp. di Cattinara, Trieste, 34149, Italy.
Hao MeiDepartment of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State St., Jackson, 39216, MS, USA.
Claude BouchardPennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Rd, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA.
John R B PerryMRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
Stefania CappellaniInstitute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", via dell'Istria 65, Trieste, 34137, Italy.
Saira S MirzaDepartment of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, PO Box 2040, Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands.
Miles C BentonInstitute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane Qld 4001, Brisbane, Australia.
Ulrich BroeckelDepartment of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, 53226, WI, USA.
Sarah E MedlandQuantitative Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Rd, Herston, Brisbane, 4006, Australia.
Penelope A LindQuantitative Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Rd, Herston, Brisbane, 4006, Australia.
Giovanni MalerbaDipartimento di Scienze della Vita e della Riproduzione, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, Verona, 37134, Italy.
Alexander DrongWellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK.
Loic YengoCNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Lille 2 University, 1 Rue du Professeur Calmette, 59000, Lille, France.
Lawrence F BielakDepartment of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, 48109, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Degui ZhiDepartment of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1665 University Blvd, Birmingham, 35294, AL, USA.
Peter J van der MostDepartment of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, P.O. box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Daniel ShrinerCenter for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, Building 12A/Room 4047, 12 South Dr., Bethesda, 20892, Maryland, USA.
Reedik MägiEstonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Riia 23b, 51010, Tartu, Estonia.
Gibran HemaniMRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK.
Tugce KaraderiWellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK.
Zhaoming WangDivision of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, 20850, MD, USA.
Tian LiuCenter for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Lentzeallee 94, Berlin, 14195, Germany.
Ilja DemuthCharité Research Group on Geriatrics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Reinickendorferstr. 61, 13347, Berlin, Germany.
Jing Hua ZhaoMRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
Weihua MengDivision of Population Health Sciences, Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells hospital and School of Medicine, Dundee, DD2 4BF, Scotland.
Lazaros LataniotisWilliam Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.
Sander W van der LaanExperimental Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht, 3584 CX, The Netherlands.
Jonathan P BradfieldCenter for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Andrew R WoodGenetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK.
Amelie BonnefondCNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Lille 2 University, 1 Rue du Professeur Calmette, 59000, Lille, France.
Tarunveer S AhluwaliaCopenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Leanne M HallDepartment of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, BHF Cardiovascular Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Groby Road, Leicester, LE3 9QP, UK.
Erika SalviDepartment of Health Sciences, University of Milan, via A. di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy.
Seyhan YazarCentre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Western Australia, Lions Eye Institute, 2 Verdun St, Perth, 6009, Australia.
Lisbeth CarstensenDepartment of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, Copenhagen, 2300, Denmark.
Hugoline G de HaanClinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, Leiden, 2300RC, The Netherlands.
Mark AbneyDepartment of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, 920 E. 58th Street, Chicago, IL, USA.
Uzma AfzalDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK.
Matthew A AllisonDepartment of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, 92093, USA.
Najaf AminDepartment of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, PO Box 2040, Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands.
Folkert W AsselbergsDepartment of Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht, 3584 CX, The Netherlands.
Stephan J L BakkerUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, 9700RB, The Netherlands.
R Graham BarrDepartment of Medicine, Columbia University, 622 W. 168th Street, New York, 10032, NY, USA.
Sebastian E BaumeisterInstitute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, W.-Rathenau-Str. 48, Greifswald, 17475, Germany.
Daniel J BenjaminDepartment of Economics, Cornell University, 480 Uris Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
Sven BergmannDepartment of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 27, Lausanne, 1005, Switzerland.
Eric BoerwinkleHuman Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1200 Pressler St., Suite 453E, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA.
Erwin P BottingerThe Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, 10029, USA.
Archie CampbellCentre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK.
Aravinda ChakravartiMcKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21205, MD, USA.
Yingleong ChanDivision of Endocrinology and Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Cambridge, 02141, MA, USA.
Stephen J ChanockDivision of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, 20850, MD, USA.
Constance ChenProgram in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston, 02115, USA.
Y-D Ida ChenInstitute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences , Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, 1124 W. Carson Street, Torrance, 90502, USA.
Francis S CollinsGenome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, 20892, MD, USA.
John ConnellCollege of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, College Office, Level 10, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK.
Adolfo CorreaDepartment of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State St., Jackson, 39216, MS, USA.
L Adrienne CupplesDepartment of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, 801 Massachusetts Avenue, Boston, 02118, MA, USA.
George Davey SmithMRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK.
Gail DaviesPsychology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK.
Marcus DörrDepartment of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str. NK, Greifswald, 17475, Germany.
Georg EhretMcKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21205, MD, USA.
Stephen B EllisThe Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, 10029, USA.
Bjarke FeenstraDepartment of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, Copenhagen, 2300, Denmark.
Mary F FeitosaDepartment of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, 4444 Forest Park Boulevard, Saint Louis, 63108, MO, USA.
Ian FordRobertson Centre, University of Glasgow, Boyd Orr Building, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, Scotland.
Caroline S FoxNational Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, 73 Mt. Wayte Ave, Framingham, 01702, MA, USA.
Timothy M FraylingGenetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK.
Nele FriedrichInstitute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str. NK, 17475, Greifswald, Germany.
Frank GellerDepartment of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, Copenhagen, 2300, Denmark.
Generation ScotlandCentre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK.
Irina Gillham-NasenyaDepartment of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, South Wing, Block D, 3rd Floor, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
Omri GottesmanThe Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, 10029, USA.
Misa GraffEpidemiology, University of North Carolina, 137 E Franklin St., Suite 306, USA.
Francine GrodsteinNutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, 401 Park Drive, Boston, 02215, USA.
Charles GuDivision of Biostatistics, Washington University, 660 S Euclid, St Louis, 63110, MO, USA.
Chris HaleyMRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, EH4 2XU, Edinburgh, UK.
Christopher J HammondDepartment of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, South Wing, Block D, 3rd Floor, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
Sarah E HarrisCentre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK.
Tamara B HarrisNational Institutes on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Nicholas D HastieMRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, EH4 2XU, Edinburgh, UK.
Nancy L Heard-CostaNational Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, 73 Mt. Wayte Ave, Framingham, 01702, MA, USA.
Kauko HeikkiläDepartment of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, P.O.Box 41, Mannerheimintie 172, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland.
Lynne J HockingMusculoskeletal Research Programme, Division of Applied Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK.
Georg HomuthInterfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Str. 15A, Greifswald, 17475, Germany.
Jouke-Jan HottengaDepartment of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Jinyan HuangState Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Rui Jin Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025 China.
Jennifer E HuffmanMRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, EH4 2XU, Edinburgh, UK.
Pirro G HysiDepartment of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, South Wing, Block D, 3rd Floor, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
M Arfan IkramDepartment of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, PO Box 2040, Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands.
Erik IngelssonWellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK.
Anni JoensuuUnit of Public Health Genomics, National Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 104, Helsinki, FI-00251, Finland.
Åsa JohanssonImmunology, Genetics & Pathology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, Box 815, Uppsala, SE-751 08, Sweden.
Pekka JousilahtiDepartment of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, Helsinki, FI-00271, Finland.
J Wouter JukemaDepartment of Cardiology C5-P , Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, Leiden, Netherlands.
Mika KähönenDepartment of Clinical Physiology, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, P.O. Box 2000, Tampere, 33521, Finland.
Yoichiro KamataniLaboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan.
Stavroula KanoniWilliam Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.
Shona M KerrMRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, EH4 2XU, Edinburgh, UK.
Nazir M KhanGenomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi, 110025, India.
Philipp KoellingerErasmus School of Economics, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Burgemeester Oudlaan 50, Rotterdam, 3000 DR, The Netherlands.
Heikki A KoistinenDiabetes Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland.
Manraj K KoonerDepartment of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Uxbridge Road, Southall, Middlesex, UB1 3HW, UK.
Michiaki KuboLaboratory for Genotyping Development RCfIMS, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan.
Johanna KuusistoDepartment of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, 70210, Finland.
Jari LahtiInstitute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 9, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Lenore J LaunerNational Institutes on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Rodney A LeaInstitute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane Qld 4001, Brisbane, Australia.
Benjamin LehneDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK.
Terho LehtimäkiDepartment of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and School of Medicine University of Tampere, Tampere, 33520, Finland.
David C M LiewaldCentre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK.
Lars LindDepartment of Medical Sciences, University Hospital, Uppsala, 75185, Sweden.
Marie LohDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK.
Marja-Liisa LokkiTransplantation laboratory, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 21, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland.
Stephanie J LondonNational Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, RTP, NC, USA.
Stephanie J LoomisOphthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, 243 Charles St, Boston, 02114, USA.
Anu LoukolaDepartment of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, P.O.Box 41, Mannerheimintie 172, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland.
Yingchang LuThe Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, 10029, USA.
Thomas LumleyDepartment of Statistics, University of Auckland, 303.325 Science Centre, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
Annamari LundqvistDepartment of Health, Functional Capacity and Welfare, National Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, Helsinki, FI-00271, Finland.
Satu MännistöDepartment of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, Helsinki, FI-00271, Finland.
Pedro Marques-VidalDepartment of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Route du Bugnon 44, Lausanne, 1011, Switzerland.
Corrado MasciulloDivision of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, Milano, 20132, Italy.
Angela MatchanHuman Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1HH, UK.
Rasika A MathiasThe GeneSTAR Research Program, Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21287, Maryland, USA.
Koichi MatsudaLaboratory of Molecular Medicine, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan.
James B MeigsDivision of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital , 50 Staniford St, Boston, 02114, MA, USA.
Christa MeisingerInstitute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany.
Thomas MeitingerInstitute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg, 85764 Germany.
Cristina MenniDepartment of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, South Wing, Block D, 3rd Floor, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
Frank D MentchCenter for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Evelin MihailovEstonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Riia 23b, 51010, Tartu, Estonia.
Lili MilaniEstonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Riia 23b, 51010, Tartu, Estonia.
May E MontasserDivision of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition and Program for Personalised and Genomic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 Baltimore St. MSTF, Baltimore, 21201, USA.
Grant W MontgomeryMolecular Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Rd, Herston, Brisbane, 4006, Australia.
Alanna MorrisonHuman Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1200 Pressler St., Suite 453E, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA.
Richard H MyersGenome Science Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, E-304, Boston, 2118, MA, USA.
Rajiv NadukuruThe Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, 10029, USA.
Pau NavarroMRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, EH4 2XU, Edinburgh, UK.
Mari NelisEstonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Riia 23b, 51010, Tartu, Estonia.
Markku S NieminenHUCH Heart and Lung center, Helsinki University Central Hospital, P.O. Box 340, Helsinki, FI-00029, Finland.
Ilja M NolteDepartment of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, P.O. box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands.
George T O'ConnorNational Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, 73 Mt. Wayte Ave, Framingham, 01702, MA, USA.
Adesola OgunniyiDepartment of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Sandosh PadmanabhanICAMS, University of Glasgow, 126 University Way, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK.
Walter R PalmasDepartment of Medicine, Columbia University, 622 W. 168th Street, New York, 10032, NY, USA.
James S PankowDivision of Epidemiology and Community Health , University of Minnesota , 1300 S 2nd Street, Minneapolis, 55454, USA.
Inga PatarcicCentre for Global Health and Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Split, Soltanska 2, 21000 Split, Croatia.
Francesca PavaniCenter for Biomedicine, European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC), Bolzano, Italy - Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
Patricia A PeyserDepartment of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, 48109, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Kirsi PietilainenInstitute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 20, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland.
Neil PoulterInternational Centre for Circulatory Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1LA, UK.
Inga ProkopenkoDepartment of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
Sarju RalhanDepartment of Cardiology and Cardio thoracic Surgery Hero DMC Heart Institute, Civil Lines, 141001, Ludhiana, India.
Paul RedmondPsychology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK.
Stephen S RichDepartment Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia School of Medicine, 3232 West Complex, Charlottesville, 22908, USA.
Harri RissanenDepartment of Health, Functional Capacity and Welfare, National Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, Helsinki, FI-00271, Finland.
Antonietta RobinoInstitute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", via dell'Istria 65, Trieste, 34137, Italy.
Lynda M RoseDivision of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 900 Commonwealth Avenue, East, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
Richard RoseDepartment of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Indiana University Bloomington, 1101 E. 10th St., Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
Cinzia SalaDivision of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, Milano, 20132, Italy.
Babatunde SalakoDepartment of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Veikko SalomaaDepartment of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, Helsinki, FI-00271, Finland.
Antti-Pekka SarinUnit of Public Health Genomics, National Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 104, Helsinki, FI-00251, Finland.
Richa SaxenaCenter for Human Genetic Research , 55 Fruit Street, Massachusetts General Hospital, 2114, USA.
Helena SchmidtInstitute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University Graz, Harrachgasse 21, Graz, A-8010, Austria.
Laura J ScottDepartment of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48109, MI, USA.
William R ScottDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK.
Bengt SennbladAtherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, CMM L8:03, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Stockholm, 171 76, Sweden.
Sudha SeshadriNational Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, 73 Mt. Wayte Ave, Framingham, 01702, MA, USA.
Peter SeverInternational Centre for Circulatory Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1LA, UK.
Smeeta ShresthaGenomic Research on Complex Diseases (GRC) Group, CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Habshiguda, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, India.
Blair H SmithUniversity of Dundee, Kirsty Semple Way, Dundee, DD2 4DB, UK.
Jennifer A SmithDepartment of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, 48109, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Nicole SoranzoHuman Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1HH, UK.
Nona SotoodehniaCardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, 1730 Minor Ave, Suite 1360, Seattle, 98101, WA, USA.
Lorraine SouthamWellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK.
Alice V StantonMolecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
Maria G StathopoulouUMR INSERM U1122; IGE-PCV "Interactions Gène-Environnement en Physiopathologie Cardio-Vasculaire", INSERM, University of Lorraine, 30 Rue Lionnois, Nancy, 54000, France.
Konstantin StrauchInstitute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany.
Rona J StrawbridgeAtherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, CMM L8:03, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Stockholm, 171 76, Sweden.
Matthew J SudermanMRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK.
Nikhil TandonDepartment of Endocrinology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar East, New Delhi, 110029, India.
Sian-Tsun TangNational Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.
Kent D TaylorInstitute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences , Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, 1124 W. Carson Street, Torrance, 90502, USA.
Bamidele O TayoDepartment of Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, USA.
Anna Maria TöglhoferInstitute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University Graz, Harrachgasse 21, Graz, A-8010, Austria.
Maciej TomaszewskiDepartment of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, BHF Cardiovascular Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Groby Road, Leicester, LE3 9QP, UK.
Natalia TšernikovaEstonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Riia 23b, 51010, Tartu, Estonia.
Jaakko TuomilehtoDiabetes Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland.
Andre G UitterlindenDepartment of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, PO Box 2040, Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands.
Dhananjay VaidyaThe GeneSTAR Research Program, Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21287, Maryland, USA.
Astrid van Hylckama VliegClinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, Leiden, 2300RC, The Netherlands.
Jessica van SettenExperimental Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht, 3584 CX, The Netherlands.
Tuula VasankariFinnish Lung Health Association, Sibeliuksenkatu 11 A 1, Helsinki, FI-00250, Finland.
Sailaja VedantamDivision of Endocrinology and Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Cambridge, 02141, MA, USA.
Efthymia VlachopoulouTransplantation laboratory, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 21, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland.
Diego VozziInstitute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", via dell'Istria 65, Trieste, 34137, Italy.
Eero VuoksimaaDepartment of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, P.O.Box 41, Mannerheimintie 172, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland.
Melanie WaldenbergerResearch Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany.
Erin B WareDepartment of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, 48109, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
William Wentworth-ShieldsDepartment of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, 920 E. 58th Street, Chicago, IL, USA.
John B WhitfieldGenetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Rd, Herston, Brisbane, 4006, Australia.
Sarah WildUsher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland.
Gonneke WillemsenDepartment of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Chittaranjan S YajnikDiabetes Unit, KEM Hospital and Research Centre, Rasta Peth, Pune, 411011, India.
Jie YaoInstitute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences , Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, 1124 W. Carson Street, Torrance, 90502, USA.
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Xiaofeng ZhuDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA.
The BioBank Japan ProjectLaboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan.
Rany M SalemDivision of Endocrinology and Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Cambridge, 02141, MA, USA.
Mads MelbyeDepartment of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, Copenhagen, 2300, Denmark.
Hans BisgaardCopenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Nilesh J SamaniDepartment of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, BHF Cardiovascular Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Groby Road, Leicester, LE3 9QP, UK.
Daniele CusiDepartment of Health Sciences, University of Milan, via A. di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy.
David A MackeyCentre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Western Australia, Lions Eye Institute, 2 Verdun St, Perth, 6009, Australia.
Richard S CooperDepartment of Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, USA.
Philippe FroguelCNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Lille 2 University, 1 Rue du Professeur Calmette, 59000, Lille, France.
Gerard PasterkampExperimental Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht, 3584 CX, The Netherlands.
Struan F A GrantCenter for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Hakon HakonarsonCenter for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Luigi FerrucciTranslational Gerontology Branch, National institute on Aging, Baltimore, 21225, Maryland, USA.
Robert A ScottMRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
Andrew D MorrisJacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Medical Research Insitute, University of Dundee, Ninewells hospital and School of Medicine, Dundee, DD1 9SY, Scotland.
Colin N A PalmerCentre for Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics, Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells hospital and School of Medicine, Dundee, DD1 9SY, Scotland.
George DedoussisDepartment of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, 70, El. Venizelou Ave, Athens, 17671, Greece.
Panos DeloukasWilliam Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.
Lars BertramVertebrate Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestr. 72, Berlin, 14195, Germany.
Ulman LindenbergerCenter for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Lentzeallee 94, Berlin, 14195, Germany.
Sonja I BerndtDivision of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, 20850, MD, USA.
Cecilia M LindgrenProgram in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge Center 7, Cambridge, 02242, MA, USA.
Nicholas J TimpsonMRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK.
Anke TönjesDepartment of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
Patricia B MunroeClinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.
Thorkild I A SørensenNovo Nordisk Centre for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 1, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark.
Charles N RotimiCenter for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, Building 12A/Room 4047, 12 South Dr., Bethesda, 20892, Maryland, USA.
Donna K ArnettDepartment of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1665 University Blvd, Birmingham, 35294, AL, USA.
Albertine J OldehinkelDepartment of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. box 30.001, Groningen, 9700 RB, The Netherlands.
Sharon L R KardiaDepartment of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, 48109, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Beverley BalkauEpidemiology of diabetes, obesity and chronic kidney disease over the lifecourse, Inserm, CESP Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health U1018, 16 Avenue Paul Vaillant Couturier, Villejuif, 94807, France.
Giovanni GambaroDipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Via G. Moscati 31/34, Roma, 00168, Italy.
Andrew P MorrisEstonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Riia 23b, 51010, Tartu, Estonia.
Johan G ErikssonDepartment of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, Helsinki, FI-00271, Finland.
Margie J WrightNeuro-Imaging Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Rd, Herston, Brisbane, 4006 Australia.
Nicholas G MartinGenetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Rd, Herston, Brisbane, 4006, Australia.
Steven C HuntCardiovascular Genetics Division, University of Utah, 420 Chipeta Way, Room 1160, Salt Lake City, 84117, Utah, USA.
John M StarrCentre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK.
Ian J DearyPsychology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK.
Lyn R GriffithsInstitute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane Qld 4001, Brisbane, Australia.
Henning TiemeierDepartment of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, PO Box 2040, Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands.
Nicola PirastuDepartment of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447 - Osp. di Cattinara, Trieste, 34149, Italy.
Jaakko KaprioInstitute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 20, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland.
Nicholas J WarehamMRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
Louis PérusseDepartment of kinesiology, Laval University, 2300 rue de la Terrasse, Quebec, G1V 0A6, Canada.
James G WilsonDepartment of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State St., Jackson, 39216, MS, USA.
Giorgia GirottoDepartment of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447 - Osp. di Cattinara, Trieste, 34149, Italy.
Mark J CaulfieldClinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.
Olli RaitakariDepartment of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, 20521, Finland.
Dorret I BoomsmaDepartment of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Christian GiegerResearch Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany.
Pim van der HarstUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, 9700RB, The Netherlands.
Andrew A HicksCenter for Biomedicine, European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC), Bolzano, Italy - Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
Peter KraftProgram in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston, 02115, USA.
Juha SinisaloHUCH Heart and Lung center, Helsinki University Central Hospital, P.O. Box 340, Helsinki, FI-00029, Finland.
Paul KnektDepartment of Health, Functional Capacity and Welfare, National Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, Helsinki, FI-00271, Finland.
Magnus JohannessonDepartment of Economics, Stockholm School of Economics, Box 6501, Stockholm, SE-113 83, Sweden.
Patrik K E MagnussonDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Box 281, Stockholm, SE-171 77, Sweden.
Anders HamstenAtherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, CMM L8:03, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Stockholm, 171 76, Sweden.
Reinhold SchmidtDepartment of Neurology, Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 22, Graz, A-8036, Austria.
Ingrid B BoreckiDepartment of Genetics and Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, 4444 Forest Park Boulevard, Saint Louis, 63108, MO, USA.
Erkki VartiainenDepartment of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, Helsinki, FI-00271, Finland.
Diane M BeckerThe GeneSTAR Research Program, Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21287, Maryland, USA.
Dwaipayan BharadwajGenomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi, 110025, India.
Karen L MohlkeDepartment of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 27599, NC, USA.
Michael BoehnkeDepartment of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48109, MI, USA.
Cornelia M van DuijnDepartment of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, PO Box 2040, Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands.
Dharambir K SangheraDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 940 Stanton Young Boulevard, Oklahoma City, 73104, OK , USA.
Alexander TeumerInstitute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, W.-Rathenau-Str. 48, Greifswald, 17475, Germany.
Eleftheria ZegginiHuman Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1HH, UK.
Andres MetspaluEstonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Riia 23b, 51010, Tartu, Estonia.
Paolo GaspariniInstitute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", via dell'Istria 65, Trieste, 34137, Italy.
Sheila UliviInstitute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", via dell'Istria 65, Trieste, 34137, Italy.
Carole OberDepartment of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, 920 E. 58th Street, Chicago, IL, USA.
Daniela TonioloDivision of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, Milano, 20132, Italy.
Igor RudanUsher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland.
David J PorteousCentre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK.
Marina CiulloInstitute of Genetics and Biophysics "A. Buzzati-Traverso" CNR, via Pietro Castellino, 111, Naples, 80131, Italy.
Tim D SpectorDepartment of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, South Wing, Block D, 3rd Floor, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
Caroline HaywardMRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, EH4 2XU, Edinburgh, UK.
Josée DupuisDepartment of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, 801 Massachusetts Avenue, Boston, 02118, MA, USA.
Ruth J F LoosThe Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, 10029, USA.
Alan F WrightMRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, EH4 2XU, Edinburgh, UK.
Giriraj R ChandakGenomic Research on Complex Diseases (GRC) Group, CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Habshiguda, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, India.
Peter VollenweiderDepartment of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Route du Bugnon 44, Lausanne, 1011, Switzerland.
Alan ShuldinerDivision of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition and Program for Personalised and Genomic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 Baltimore St. MSTF, Baltimore, 21201, USA.
Paul M RidkerDivision of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 900 Commonwealth Avenue, East, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
Jerome I RotterInstitute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences , Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, 1124 W. Carson Street, Torrance, 90502, USA.
Naveed SattarBHF centre, University of Glasgow, 126 University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8TA, Scotland.
Ulf GyllenstenImmunology, Genetics & Pathology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, Box 815, Uppsala, SE-751 08, Sweden.
Kari E NorthEpidemiology, University of North Carolina, 137 E Franklin St., Suite 306, USA.
Mario PirastuInstitute of Population Genetics, National Research Council, Trav. La Crucca n. 3 - Reg. Baldinca, Sassari, 07100, Italy.
Bruce M PsatyCardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services, University of Washington, 1730 Minor Ave, Suite 1360, Seattle, 98101, WA, USA.
David R WeirInstitute for Social Research, University of Michigan, 426 Thompson Street, 48104, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Markku LaaksoDepartment of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, 70210, Finland.
Vilmundur GudnasonIcelandic Heart Association, Holtasmari 1, 201, Kopavogur, Iceland.
Atsushi TakahashiLaboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan.
John C ChambersDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK.
Jaspal S KoonerDepartment of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Uxbridge Road, Southall, Middlesex, UB1 3HW, UK.
David P StrachanPopulation Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 0RE, UK.
Harry CampbellUsher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland.
Joel N HirschhornDivision of Endocrinology and Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Cambridge, 02141, MA, USA.
Markus PerolaEstonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Riia 23b, 51010, Tartu, Estonia.
Ozren Polašek *Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland.
James F Wilson *Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland.
University of Helsinki · FIBoston University · USBroad Institute · USJohns Hopkins University · USUniversity Medical Center Groningen · NLKing's College London · GBUniversity of Michigan · USUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill · USQueen Mary University of London · GBStatens Serum Institut · DKBrigham and Women's Hospital · USChildren's Hospital of Philadelphia · USKarolinska University Hospital · SENational Institutes of Health · USUniversitätsmedizin Greifswald · DEUniversity of Trieste · ITCentre for Human Genetics · GBHarvard University · USQIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute · AUSan Raffaele University of Rome · IT

Funding

HRS Yrs29-34: Y33 SSA CoFundingU01AG009740 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI Jessica Faul, KENNETH M LANGA · 1990 to 2026
$555.8M
UCLA Clinical and Translational Science InstituteUL1TR000124 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI DUBINETT, STEVEN M. · 2012 to 2015
$57.0M
Genetic epidemiology of complex diseasesZIAHG200362 · NHGRI · NATIONAL HUMAN GENOME RESEARCH INSTITUTE · PI ROTIMI, CHARLES · 2009 to 2025
$54.7M
Transgenic & Knock-out MouseP30DK063491 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI PETER J TONTONOZ · 2003 to 2026
$40.4M
Regional Pilot And Feasibility Study Grants ProgramP30DK020572 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI Mehboob A Hussain · 2013 to 2026
$24.3M
PRECURSORS OF STROKE INCIDENCE AND PROGNOSISR01NS017950 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HLTH SCIENCE CENTER · PI Hugo Javier Aparicio, Jose Rafael Romero · 1985 to 2026
$22.9M
Pulmonary microvascular perfusion in the Multi-Ethnic Study of AtherosclerosisR01HL077612 · NHLBI · COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI R Graham BARR · 2004 to 2026
$18.8M
HYPERGEN: GENETICS OF LEFT VENTRICULAR HYPERTROPHYR01HL055673 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA TWIN CITIES · PI ARNETT, DONNA K · 1996 to 2016
$18.1M
USC/UCLA Center on Biodemography &Population HealthP30AG017265 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI JENNIFER A AILSHIRE · 1999 to 2026
$17.9M
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF DEMENTIA IN THE FRAMINGHAM STUDYR01AG008122 · NIA · BOSTON UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CAMPUS · PI AU, RHODA, SESHADRI, SUDHA · 1989 to 2015
$14.4M
Cell Interactions in the Inflamed Intestinal MucosaR01DK075787 · NIDDK · BOSTON CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL · PI JOEL N HIRSCHHORN · 2007 to 2026
$13.1M
Genetic and Environmental Determinants of TriglyceridesU01HL072524 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA TWIN CITIES · PI ARNETT, DONNA K · 2002 to 2008
$11.9M
Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council BB/F019394/1Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council SAG09977British Heart Foundation RG/2001004/12869Chief Scientist Office CZB/4/276Chief Scientist Office CZB/4/505Chief Scientist Office CZB/4/710Chief Scientist Office CZD/16/6Chief Scientist Office CZD/16/6/2Chief Scientist Office CZD/16/6/3Chief Scientist Office CZD/16/6/4Chief Scientist Office ETM/55Department of Health BARCVBRU-2012-1Department of Health RP-PG-0407-10371Department of Health SRF/01/010European Research Council 250157European Research Council 280559European Research Council 323195Medical Research Council G0601966Medical Research Council G0700704Medical Research Council G0700931Medical Research Council G0701863Medical Research Council G1001799Medical Research Council G9521010Medical Research Council G9815508Medical Research Council MC_PC_15018Medical Research Council MC_PC_U127561128Medical Research Council MC_PC_U127592696Medical Research Council MC_U106179471Medical Research Council MC_U106179472Medical Research Council MC_U127561128Medical Research Council MC_UU_12013/1Medical Research Council MC_UU_12013/3Medical Research Council MC_UU_12015/1Medical Research Council MC_UU_12015/2Medical Research Council MR/K002414/1Medical Research Council MR/K006584/1Medical Research Council MR/K026992/1Medical Research Council MR/N01104X/1Wellcome Trust 068545Wellcome Trust 072856Wellcome Trust 072960Wellcome Trust 079771Wellcome Trust 084723Wellcome Trust 098051Wellcome Trust 099194Wellcome Trust 105022
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Homozygosity has long been associated with rare, often devastating, Mendelian disorders, and Darwin was one of the first to recognize that inbreeding reduces evolutionary fitness. However, the effect of the more distant parental relatedness that is common in modern human populations is less well understood. Genomic data now allow us to investigate the effects of homozygosity on traits of public health importance by observing contiguous homozygous segments (runs of homozygosity), which are inferred to be homozygous along their complete length. Given the low levels of genome-wide homozygosity prevalent in most human populations, information is required on very large numbers of people to provide sufficient power. Here we use runs of homozygosity to study 16 health-related quantitative traits in 354,224 individuals from 102 cohorts, and find statistically significant associations between summed runs of homozygosity and four complex traits: height, forced expiratory lung volume in one second, general cognitive ability and educational attainment (P < 1 × 10(-300), 2.1 × 10(-6), 2.5 × 10(-10) and 1.8 × 10(-10), respectively). In each case, increased homozygosity was associated with decreased trait value, equivalent to the offspring of first cousins being 1.2 cm shorter and having 10 months' less education. Similar effect sizes were found across four continental groups and populations with different degrees of genome-wide homozygosity, providing evidence that homozygosity, rather than confounding, directly contributes to phenotypic variance. Contrary to earlier reports in substantially smaller samples, no evidence was seen of an influence of genome-wide homozygosity on blood pressure and low density lipoprotein cholesterol, or ten other cardio-metabolic traits. Since directional dominance is predicted for traits under directional evolutionary selection, this study provides evidence that increased stature and cognitive function have been positively selected in human evolution, whereas many important risk factors for late-onset complex diseases may not have been.

Indexed as

CognitionHomozygoteBiological EvolutionBlood PressureBody HeightCholesterol, LDLCohort StudiesEducational StatusFemaleForced Expiratory VolumeGenome, HumanHumansLung Volume MeasurementsMalePhenotypeCholesterol, LDL

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PMID26131930
PMCPMC4516141
OpenAlexW2151072136

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.