ArticleJournal of the International AIDS Society2015
CD4:CD8 ratio as a frontier marker for clinical outcome, immune dysfunction and viral reservoir size in virologically suppressed HIV-positive patients.
Article in Journal of the International AIDS Society, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02659306 (The Effect of Metformin on HIV Reservoir Size in Non-diabetic Antiretroviral Therapy), which is not on this map. Cited by 128 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Effect of Metformin on HIV Reservoir Size in Non-diabetic Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) Treated Participants: the Lilac Study
Who cites it
128 citing papers in PubMed, 211 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pre-infection plasma cytokines and chemokines as predictors of HIV disease progression.Scientific reports · 2022Trial
- Pre-Digested Protein Enteral Nutritional Supplementation Enhances Recovery of CD4Frontiers in immunology · 2021Trial
- Telmisartan Therapy Does Not Improve Lymph Node or Adipose Tissue Fibrosis More Than Continued Antiretroviral Therapy Alone.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2018Trial
- Oral administration of ultrafine-grained Astragalus membranaceus enhances peripheral immunity in weaned black Xiangdong goats by upregulating the complement regulator C4bp and immunoglobulin responses.Molecular biology reports · 2026Article
- A prospective clinical study on the effectiveness ofJournal of traditional and complementary medicine · 2026Article
- Elucidating the mechanism underlying incomplete immune recovery in people living with HIV through CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cell multi-omics.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2026Article
- Supplementation with Yellow Mealworm (Toxins · 2026Article
- Hens and roosters of two distinct lines differ in immune cell profiles.Poultry science · 2026Article
- Regulation of T Cell Senescence in Health and Diseases.Immune network · 2026Review
- Differences in immune cell profiles around the time of islet autoimmunity seroconversion in children with and without type 1 diabetes.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2026Article
- A novel enterotype enriched with respiratory super-dominant pathobionts is associated with immunosuppression in pulmonary tuberculosis patients.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Epigenetic age acceleration and mortality among persons with poorly controlled HIV.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2026Article
- Cellular Immunity Profile in B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Patients Receiving Rituximab-Based Chemotherapy.Journal of blood medicine · 2026Article
- Allostatic load of immune cells in the spleen and brain of the Kcna1-null mouse model of temporal lobe epilepsy.Epilepsy research · 2026Article
- Article
- A Paired Flow Cytometry-Pathology Assessment for Immune Cell Detection in Intestinal Biopsies: Proof of Principle.Methods and protocols · 2025Article
- Effect of prevaccination blood and T-cell phenotypes on antibody responses to a COVID-19 mRNA vaccine.International immunology · 2025Article
- Dynamic changes in immune cell subsets in blood and lymph node over the course of acute HIV infection.Journal of virus eradication · 2025Article
- Comparative longitudinal analysis of T lymphocyte subpopulations in calves vaccinated with different doses of BCG-Phipps or with culture filtrate protein extract of Mycobacterium bovis in a natural transmission setting.BMC veterinary research · 2025Article
- Understanding the probiotic health benefits ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
68 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
introductionAbsolute CD4 T cell count and plasma viral load have been established as predictors of HIV disease progression, and CD4 T cell count is used as an indicator for initiation of antiretroviral therapy. Following long-term therapy, patients generally present with significant CD4 T cell recovery contrasting with persistently elevated CD8 T cell counts, which leads to a partial restoration of CD4:CD8 ratio. This review focuses on the relevance of the CD4:CD8 ratio on clinical outcomes, immune dysfunction and HIV reservoir size in long-term treated patients.
methodWe conducted a comprehensive literature review of publications in English language using major electronic databases. Our search was focused on factors contributing to CD4:CD8 T cell ratio and clinical outcome in adult HIV-positive patients in the context of treated infection. DISCUSSION: Low CD4:CD8 ratio has been linked to ageing and acts as a predictor of mortality in the general population. This ratio may represent the combined effects of inflammation and immunological changes called "inflammaging." Although the mechanisms underlying partial correction of the CD4:CD8 ratio and persistently elevated CD8 T cell count in long-term treated patients remain poorly understood, it has been recently indicated that patients with optimal CD4 T cell recovery and low CD4:CD8 ratio still harbour increased immune activation, an immune senescent phenotype and have a higher risk of non-AIDS morbidity and mortality. This review reconsiders CD4:CD8 ratio in the light of advances in the understanding of immune dysfunction and examines its pathophysiological features and implications on clinical outcome and HIV reservoir size in long-term treated HIV-positive adults.
conclusionThe CD4:CD8 ratio can contribute to the immunological evaluation of treated patients in a long-term follow-up and may be applied for monitoring both immune dysfunction and viral reservoir size in immune-based clinical trials.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.