ArticleClinical pharmacokinetics2015
Genetics-Based Population Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Risperidone in a Psychiatric Cohort.
Article in Clinical pharmacokinetics, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- The effect of CYP2D6 variation on antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinaemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The pharmacogenomics journal · 2020Pooled it
- Explainable drug side effect prediction in central neural system via biologically informed graph neural network.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Population Pharmacokinetics of Risperidone and Paliperidone in Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Translating Molecular Psychiatry: From Biomarkers to Personalized Therapies-A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Impact of CYP2D6*2, CYP2D6*35, rs5758550, and related haplotypes on risperidone clearance in vivo.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2024Article
- Challenging pharmacotherapy management of a psychotic disorder due to a delicate pharmacogenetic profile and drug-drug interactions: a case report and literature review.Croatian medical journal · 2024Review
- Pharmacogenetic Testing or Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: A Quantitative Framework.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2024Article
- Relative synonymous codon usage and codon pair analysis of depression associated genes.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Risperidone plasma level, and its correlation with CYP2D6 gene polymorphism, clinical response and side effects in chronic schizophrenia patients.BMC psychiatry · 2024Article
- The pharmacogenetics of the new-generation antipsychotics - A scoping review focused on patients with severe psychiatric disorders.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- Pharmacogenetics and Schizophrenia-Can Genomics Improve the Treatment with Second-Generation Antipsychotics?Biomedicines · 2022Review
- External Evaluation of Risperidone Population Pharmacokinetic Models Using Opportunistic Pediatric Data.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
- Review of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacogenetics in Atypical Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotics.Pharmaceutics · 2021Review
- The role of sex, age and genetic polymorphisms of CYP enzymes on the pharmacokinetics of anticholinergic drugs.Pharmacology research & perspectives · 2021Review
- Risperidone plasma concentrations are associated with side effects and effectiveness in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2021Observational
- CYP2D6 Genetic Variation and Antipsychotic-Induced Weight Gain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in psychology · 2021Article
- Genetic Polymorphisms Associated With the Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Adverse Effects of Olanzapine, Aripiprazole and Risperidone.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Review
- Review
- Influence of Drug-Drug Interactions on the Pharmacokinetics of Atorvastatin and Its Major Active Metabolite ortho-OH-Atorvastatin in Aging People Living with HIV.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2020Article
- The Gut Microbiome and Treatment-Resistance in Schizophrenia.The Psychiatric quarterly · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundHigh interindividual variability in plasma concentrations of risperidone and its active metabolite, 9-hydroxyrisperidone, may lead to suboptimal drug concentration.
objectiveUsing a population pharmacokinetic approach, we aimed to characterize the genetic and non-genetic sources of variability affecting risperidone and 9-hydroxyrisperidone pharmacokinetics, and relate them to common side effects.
methodsOverall, 150 psychiatric patients (178 observations) treated with risperidone were genotyped for common polymorphisms in NR1/2, POR, PPARα, ABCB1, CYP2D6 and CYP3A genes. Plasma risperidone and 9-hydroxyrisperidone were measured, and clinical data and common clinical chemistry parameters were collected. Drug and metabolite concentrations were analyzed using non-linear mixed effect modeling (NONMEM(®)). Correlations between trough concentrations of the active moiety (risperidone plus 9-hydroxyrisperidone) and common side effects were assessed using logistic regression and linear mixed modeling.
resultsThe cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2D6 phenotype explained 52% of interindividual variability in risperidone pharmacokinetics. The area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) of the active moiety was found to be 28% higher in CYP2D6 poor metabolizers compared with intermediate, extensive and ultrarapid metabolizers. No other genetic markers were found to significantly affect risperidone concentrations. 9-hydroxyrisperidone elimination was decreased by 26% with doubling of age. A correlation between trough predicted concentration of the active moiety and neurologic symptoms was found (p = 0.03), suggesting that a concentration >40 ng/mL should be targeted only in cases of insufficient, or absence of, response.
conclusionsGenetic polymorphisms of CYP2D6 play an important role in risperidone, 9-hydroxyrisperidone and active moiety plasma concentration variability, which were associated with common side effects. These results highlight the importance of a personalized dosage adjustment during risperidone treatment.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.