ArticlePloS one2015
Neisseria gonorrhoeae Modulates Immunity by Polarizing Human Macrophages to a M2 Profile.
Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evaluation of the Diagnostic Efficacy of Xpert CT/NG forBioMed research international · 2020Pooled it
- Mechanisms, management and prevention of anorectal sexually transmitted infections.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2026Review
- Walking the tightrope: Balancing immune checkpoints and their inhibitors in host defence against bacterial infections.Journal of applied biomedicine · 2026Review
- Review
- Metabolic reprogramming, macrophage polarization, and intercellular crosstalk in pelvic inflammatory disease: emerging paradigms and therapeutic opportunities.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Therapeutic potential of botanical drugs and their metabolites in the treatment of pelvic inflammatory disease.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae induces local secretion of IL-10 at the human cervix to promote colonization.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2024Article
- Detailed Characterization of the Lung-Gut Microbiome Axis Reveals the Link between PD-L1 and the Microbiome in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patients.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Characterization ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
- Immune responses toFrontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Mechanisms of host manipulation byFrontiers in microbiology · 2023Review
- Lipopolysaccharide fromInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Tissue Models forFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Review
- Polarization Profiles of T Lymphocytes and Macrophages Responses in Periodontitis.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2022Review
- Systemic and Mucosal Concentrations of Nine Cytokines Among Individuals withAAS open research · 2022Article
- Vaccine Candidates for the Control and Prevention of the Sexually Transmitted Disease Gonorrhea.Vaccines · 2021Review
- Anti-Virulence Therapeutic Approaches forAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- A novel gonorrhea vaccine composed of MetQ lipoprotein formulated with CpG shortens experimental murine infection.Vaccine · 2020Article
- Macrophages skew towards M1 profile through reduced CD163 expression in symptomatic apical periodontitis.Clinical oral investigations · 2020Article
- M2b macrophage polarization and its roles in diseases.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Current data suggest that Neisseria gonorrhoeae is able to suppress the protective immune response at different levels, such as B and T lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells. The present report is focused on gonococcus evasion mechanism on macrophages (MФ) and its impact in the subsequent immune response. In response to various signals MФ may undergo classical-M1 (M1-MФ) or alternative-M2 (M2-MФ) activation. Until now there are no reports of the gonococcus effects on human MФ polarization. We assessed the phagocytic ability of monocyte-derived MФ (MDM) upon gonococcal infection by immunofluorescence and gentamicin protection experiments. Then, we evaluated cytokine profile and M1/M2 specific-surface markers on MФ challenged with N. gonorrhoeae and their proliferative effect on T cells. Our findings lead us to suggest N. gonorrhoeae stimulates a M2-MФ phenotype in which some of the M2b and none of the M1-MФ-associated markers are induced. Interestingly, N. gonorrhoeae exposure leads to upregulation of a Programmed Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1), widely known as an immunosuppressive molecule. Moreover, functional results showed that N. gonorrhoeae-treated MФ are unable to induce proliferation of human T-cells, suggesting a more likely regulatory phenotype. Taken together, our data show that N. gonorroheae interferes with MФ polarization. This study has important implications for understanding the mechanisms of clearance versus long-term persistence of N. gonorroheae infection and might be applicable for the development of new therapeutic strategies.
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