Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26124745›Full record

ReviewFrontiers in neurology2015

Turning a Negative into a Positive: Ascending GABAergic Control of Cortical Activation and Arousal.

Ritchie E Brown, James T McKenna

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in neurology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
45citing papers in PubMed
7.6field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

45 citing papers in PubMed, 100 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Hierarchical whole-brain modeling of critical synchronization dynamics in the human brain.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  4. The Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis-Deep Mesencephalic Nucleus Circuit Linking Emotion and Wakefulness.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025
    Article
  5. Individualized temporal patterns drive human sleep spindle timing.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  6. Review
  7. Review
  8. Neuronal PAS domain 1 identifies a major subpopulation of wakefulness-promoting GABAergic neurons in the basal forebrain.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Cognitive Aging and the Primate Basal Forebrain Revisited: Disproportionate GABAergic Vulnerability Revealed.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2023
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Dynamic subcortical modulators of human default mode network function.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2022
    Article
  13. Review
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Network Asynchrony Underlying Increased Broadband Gamma Power.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2021
    Article
  18. Sleep-Wake Neurobiology.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2021
    Review
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Ritchie E BrownLaboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School , Brockton, MA , USA.
James T McKennaLaboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School , Brockton, MA , USA.
Harvard University · USVA Boston Healthcare System · US

Funding

Wakefulness and Forebrain Activation by Orexin NeuronsP01HL095491 · NHLBI · BETH ISRAEL DEACONESS MEDICAL CENTER · PI WELLMAN, DAVID ANDREW · 2010 to 2019
$25.1M
THE SYNAPTIC BASIS OF SLEEP CYCLE CONTROLR01MH039683 · NIMH · HARVARD UNIVERSITY (MEDICAL SCHOOL) · PI BROWN, RITCHIE EDWARD · 1985 to 2017
$3.8M
Modeling schizophrenia gamma deficits using cell-specific RNAi knockdown of GAD67R21MH094803 · NIMH · HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL · PI BROWN, RITCHIE EDWARD · 2011 to 2012
$354k
Sleep Spindles: Role of Thalamic Reticular Nucleus and Parvalbumin GABA NeuronsI01BX001356 · VA · VA BOSTON HEALTH CARE SYSTEM · PI BROWN, RITCHIE EDWARD · 2012 to 2020
–
BLRD VA I01 BX001356NHLBI NIH HHS P01 HL095491NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH039683NIMH NIH HHS R21 MH094803
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. Recent technological advances have illuminated the role of GABAergic neurons in control of cortical arousal and sleep. Sleep-promoting GABAergic neurons in the preoptic hypothalamus are well-known. Less well-appreciated are GABAergic projection neurons in the brainstem, midbrain, hypothalamus, and basal forebrain, which paradoxically promote arousal and fast electroencephalographic (EEG) rhythms. Thus, GABA is not purely a sleep-promoting neurotransmitter. GABAergic projection neurons in the brainstem nucleus incertus and ventral tegmental nucleus of Gudden promote theta (4-8 Hz) rhythms. Ventral tegmental area GABAergic neurons, neighboring midbrain dopamine neurons, project to the frontal cortex and nucleus accumbens. They discharge faster during cortical arousal and regulate reward. Thalamic reticular nucleus GABAergic neurons initiate sleep spindles in non-REM sleep. In addition, however, during wakefulness, they tonically regulate the activity of thalamocortical neurons. Other GABAergic inputs to the thalamus arising in the globus pallidus pars interna, substantia nigra pars reticulata, zona incerta, and basal forebrain regulate motor activity, arousal, attention, and sensory transmission. Several subpopulations of cortically projecting GABAergic neurons in the basal forebrain project to the thalamus and neocortex and preferentially promote cortical gamma-band (30-80 Hz) activity and wakefulness. Unlike sleep-active GABAergic neurons, these ascending GABAergic neurons are fast-firing neurons which disinhibit and synchronize the activity of their forebrain targets, promoting the fast EEG rhythms typical of conscious states. They are prominent targets of GABAergic hypnotic agents. Understanding the properties of ascending GABAergic neurons may lead to novel treatments for diseases involving disorders of cortical activation and wakefulness.

Indexed as

arousalEEGgamma rhythmhypnoticstheta rhythmwakefulness

Identifiers

PMID26124745
PMCPMC4463930
OpenAlexW2112509623

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.