Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26124121›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2015

Triangulation of the neurocomputational architecture underpinning reading aloud.

Paul Hoffman, Matthew A Lambon Ralph, Anna M Woollams

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
45citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

45 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Review
  3. The Role of the Anterior Temporal Lobe in Reading: An HD-tDCS Study.Neurobiology of language (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Paul HoffmanNeuroscience and Aphasia Research Unit, School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, United Kingdom p.hoffman@ed.ac.uk matt.lambon-ralph@manchester.ac.uk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3248-3225
Matthew A Lambon RalphNeuroscience and Aphasia Research Unit, School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom; p.hoffman@ed.ac.uk matt.lambon-ralph@manchester.ac.uk.
Anna M WoollamsNeuroscience and Aphasia Research Unit, School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom;

Funding

Medical Research Council MR/J004146/1Wellcome Trust 097820
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The goal of cognitive neuroscience is to integrate cognitive models with knowledge about underlying neural machinery. This significant challenge was explored in relation to word reading, where sophisticated computational-cognitive models exist but have made limited contact with neural data. Using distortion-corrected functional MRI and dynamic causal modeling, we investigated the interactions between brain regions dedicated to orthographic, semantic, and phonological processing while participants read words aloud. We found that the lateral anterior temporal lobe exhibited increased activation when participants read words with irregular spellings. This area is implicated in semantic processing but has not previously been considered part of the reading network. We also found meaningful individual differences in the activation of this region: Activity was predicted by an independent measure of the degree to which participants use semantic knowledge to read. These characteristics are predicted by the connectionist Triangle Model of reading and indicate a key role for semantic knowledge in reading aloud. Premotor regions associated with phonological processing displayed the reverse characteristics. Changes in the functional connectivity of the reading network during irregular word reading also were consistent with semantic recruitment. These data support the view that reading aloud is underpinned by the joint operation of two neural pathways. They reveal that (i) the ATL is an important element of the ventral semantic pathway and (ii) the division of labor between the two routes varies according to both the properties of the words being read and individual differences in the degree to which participants rely on each route.

Indexed as

CognitionModels, PsychologicalReadingAdultBrainFemaleHumansMagnetic Resonance ImagingMaleMiddle AgedSemanticsYoung Adultanterior temporal lobereadingsemantic reliancesurface dyslexiatriangle model

Identifiers

PMID26124121
PMCPMC4507229

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.