ArticleMolecular psychiatry2016
Polygenic dissection of major depression clinical heterogeneity.
Article in Molecular psychiatry, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 88 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
88 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Interleukin-1β (C-511T) Genetic Variant and Major Depressive Disorder: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Pooled it
- Data-driven biological subtypes of depression: systematic review of biological approaches to depression subtyping.Molecular psychiatry · 2019Pooled it
- The use of latent class analysis for identifying subtypes of depression: A systematic review.Psychiatry research · 2018Pooled it
- Does Childhood Trauma Moderate Polygenic Risk for Depression? A Meta-analysis of 5765 Subjects From the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium.Biological psychiatry · 2018Pooled it
- Genome-wide meta-analyses of stratified depression in Generation Scotland and UK Biobank.Translational psychiatry · 2018Pooled it
- Common variants at 2q11.2, 8q21.3, and 11q13.2 are associated with major mood disorders.Translational psychiatry · 2017Pooled it
- Genetics of major depressive disorder in a homogeneous population with uniform phenotyping.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- An EEG-based digital biomarker for personalizing transcranial magnetic stimulation in major depressive disorder.NPJ digital medicine · 2026Article
- Associations of polygenic risk scores for major depression and depression severity: an investigation of 105 623 individuals with 16 years follow-up.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Genetics and Neurobiology of Treatment-Resistant Depression-A Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Familial and genetic relationships of major depressive disorders and adiposity markers in the community.Translational psychiatry · 2025Article
- Genetic factors and symptom dimensions associated with antidepressant treatment outcomes: clues for new potential therapeutic targets?European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2025Review
- A combination of potential psychobiotics alleviates anxiety and depression behaviors induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2025Article
- Association between triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and risk of depression in middle-aged and elderly Chinese adults: Evidence from a large national cohort study.Biomolecules & biomedicine · 2025Article
- Treatment-resistant depression: role of genetic factors in the perspective of clinical stratification and treatment personalisation.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Review
- Morbidity-bridging metabolic pathways: linking early cardiovascular disease risk and depression symptoms using a multi-modal approach.European heart journal open · 2025Article
- Correlation analysis between clinical effective emotional treatment and plasma N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor function-related indexes.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Article
- The Association of Genetic Polymorphisms and Atypical Depression in Adults: A Systematic Review.Clinical neuropsychiatry · 2024Review
- Adenylate cyclase 3: a potential genetic link between obesity and major depressive disorder.Physiological genomics · 2024Review
- Mendelian randomization studies of depression: evidence, opportunities, and challenges.Annals of general psychiatry · 2023Review
28 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying major depressive disorder (MDD) are largely unknown. Limited success of previous genetics studies may be attributable to heterogeneity of MDD, aggregating biologically different subtypes. We examined the polygenic features of MDD and two common clinical subtypes (typical and atypical) defined by symptom profiles in a large sample of adults with established diagnoses. Data were from 1530 patients of the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA) and 1700 controls mainly from the Netherlands Twin Register (NTR). Diagnoses of MDD and its subtypes were based on DSM-IV symptoms. Genetic overlap of MDD and subtypes with psychiatric (MDD, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia) and metabolic (body mass index (BMI), C-reactive protein, triglycerides) traits was evaluated via genomic profile risk scores (GPRS) generated from meta-analysis results of large international consortia. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-heritability of MDD and subtypes was also estimated. MDD was associated with psychiatric GPRS, while no association was found for GPRS of metabolic traits. MDD subtypes had differential polygenic signatures: typical was strongly associated with schizophrenia GPRS (odds ratio (OR)=1.54, P=7.8e-9), while atypical was additionally associated with BMI (OR=1.29, P=2.7e-4) and triglycerides (OR=1.21, P=0.006) GPRS. Similar results were found when only the highly discriminatory symptoms of appetite/weight were used to define subtypes. SNP-heritability was 32% for MDD, 38% and 43% for subtypes with, respectively, decreased (typical) and increased (atypical) appetite/weight. In conclusion, MDD subtypes are characterized by partially distinct polygenic liabilities and may represent more homogeneous phenotypes. Disentangling MDD heterogeneity may help the psychiatric field moving forward in the search for molecular roots of depression.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.