ReviewHormones and behavior2015
Estrogen receptors in the central nervous system and their implication for dopamine-dependent cognition in females.
Review in Hormones and behavior, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 177 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
177 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 294 citations in OpenAlex.
- Ovarian Hormones and Addictive Behaviour Vulnerability: Insights From Preclinical Studies.Addiction biology · 2025Pooled it
- Dose-dependent effects of estrogen on prediction error related neural activity in the nucleus accumbens of healthy young women.Psychopharmacology · 2020Trial
- Reproductive steroid receptors and actions in the locus coeruleus of male macaques: Part of an aggression circuit?Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry · 2016Trial
- Synaptic Actions of Estradiol in the Brain's Reward System: Linking Mechanisms to Behavior and Disease.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2026Review
- Harnessing the neuroprotective potential of estrogen in Parkinson's disease: an insight into molecular mechanisms and therapeutic approaches.Metabolic brain disease · 2026Review
- Activation of the G-protein coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER1) reduces transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) activity and human iPSC-derived nociceptive neuron firing.Stem cell research & therapy · 2026Article
- Physiological Mechanisms in Pregnancy and Their Relevance to the Clinical Management of Perinatal Mental Illness.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Timing and tempo of puberty and neurodevelopment following adversity: A registered report.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2026Article
- Estradiol, Emotion Regulation, and the Limbic System: Effects on Gray Matter Volume.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2026Article
- Longer duration of amenorrhea is associated with lower delay discounting and less hedonic eating in girls and young women with low-weight eating disorders.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- The role of ovarian hormones in risk aversion in female rats.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Not just neurons: glial mechanisms driving sex-specific vulnerability to withdrawal and relapse in substance use disorder.Frontiers in neuroendocrinology · 2026Review
- Ovarian hormones, hormonal contraceptives and reward processing.BJPsych advances · 2026Article
- Sex-dependent behavioral and hypothalamic receptor changes after early-life monosodium glutamate (MSG) exposure and adult social stress in Wistar rats.Metabolic brain disease · 2026Article
- Identification and prioritization of gene sets associated with schizophrenia risk by network analysis.Psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Targeting neuroplasticity in old brain: restoring synapse with cognitive strategies.Biogerontology · 2026Review
- Profiles of neuropsychiatric toxicity associated with different endocrine therapies for breast cancer: a global pharmacovigilance study based on FAERS and VigiAccess.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Oestrogen modulators as augmentation to antipsychotics for the treatment of post- and perimenopausal psychosis: a systematic review.Therapeutic advances in psychopharmacology · 2026Review
- Endocrine modulation of stimulant use: bidirectional interactions within the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2026Review
- Psychosomatic interplay in postmenopausal osteoporosis: from neuroendocrine mechanisms to structured psychological therapies and long-term management.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Review
117 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
This article is part of a Special Issue "Estradiol and cognition". Over the past 30 years, research has demonstrated that estrogens not only are important for female reproduction, but also play a role in a diverse array of cognitive functions. Originally, estrogens were thought to have only one receptor, localized exclusively to the cytoplasm and nucleus of cells. However, it is now known that there are at least three estrogen receptors (ERs): ERα, ERβ and G-protein coupled ER1 (GPER1). In addition to being localized to nuclei, ERα and ERβ are localized to the cell membrane, and GPER1 is also observed at the cell membrane. The mechanism through which ERs are associated with the membrane remains unclear, but palmitoylation of receptors and associations between ERs and caveolin are implicated in membrane association. ERα and ERβ are mostly observed in the nucleus using light microscopy unless they are particularly abundant. However, electron microscopy has revealed that ERs are also found at the membrane in complimentary distributions in multiple brain regions, many of which are innervated by dopamine inputs and were previously thought to contain few ERs. In particular, membrane-associated ERs are observed in the prefrontal cortex, dorsal striatum, nucleus accumbens, and hippocampus, all of which are involved in learning and memory. These findings provide a mechanism for the rapid effects of estrogens in these regions. The effects of estrogens on dopamine-dependent cognition likely result from binding at both nuclear and membrane-associated ERs, so elucidating the localization of membrane-associated ERs helps provide a more complete understanding of the cognitive effects of these hormones.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.