ArticlePloS one2015
Longevity of Mycobacterium bovis in Raw and Traditional Souring Milk as a Function of Storage Temperature and Dose.
Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Zoonotic tuberculosis: When diagnostic and surveillance systems are not designed to detect it.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Article
- Knowledge, practice, and risk of exposure of abattoir workers to Mycobacterium spp. in abattoirs and non-abattoir environments in Gauteng province, South Africa.The Onderstepoort journal of veterinary research · 2026Article
- Responding to outbreaks of illness linked to unpasteurized milk: A needs assessment of state health and agriculture departments.Zoonoses and public health · 2024Article
- Bovine brucellosis and tuberculosis at a livestock-wildlife interface in Zimbabwe: A nexus for amplification of a zoonosis or a myth?Veterinary medicine and science · 2023Article
- Zoonotic tuberculosis in a high bovine tuberculosis burden area of Ethiopia.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Milk and meat consumption patterns and the potential risk of zoonotic disease transmission among urban and peri-urban dairy farmers in Ethiopia.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Two Faces of Fermented Foods-The Benefits and Threats of Its Consumption.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Review
- High prevalence of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in dairy farms: Evidence for possible gastrointestinal transmission.PloS one · 2021Article
- Acceptability and feasibility of proposed control and prevention strategies for bovine tuberculosis among Ethiopian dairy farmers and associated professionals.Preventive veterinary medicine · 2020Article
- Microbial Safety of Milk Production and Fermented Dairy Products in Africa.Microorganisms · 2020Review
- Tracing cross species transmission of Mycobacterium bovis at the wildlife/livestock interface in South Africa.BMC microbiology · 2020Article
- Prevalence of Mycobacterium bovis infection in traditionally managed cattle at the wildlife-livestock interface in South Africa in the absence of control measures.Veterinary research communications · 2019Article
- Risk Factors for Zoonotic Tuberculosis at the Wildlife-Livestock-Human Interface in South Africa.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Article
- Detection of a streptomycin-resistant Mycobacterium bovis strain through antitubercular drug susceptibility testing of Tunisian Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolates from cattle.BMC veterinary research · 2018Article
- Variation in Raw Milk Microbiota Throughout 12 Months and the Impact of Weather Conditions.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Knowledge of Bovine Tuberculosis, Cattle Husbandry and Dairy Practices amongst Pastoralists and Small-Scale Dairy Farmers in Cameroon.PloS one · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundUnpasteurised fresh and souring dairy products form an essential component of household diets throughout many rural communities in southern Africa. The presence of milk-borne zoonotic pathogens such as Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis), the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis and zoonotic tuberculosis in humans, constitute a public health threat, especially in remote areas with poor disease surveillance in livestock and highly compromised human health due to HIV/AIDS.
methodsIn this study we used culture to determine the longevity of M. bovis in experimentally inoculated fresh and naturally souring milk obtained from communal cattle in the KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa. The effect of bacterial load and storage temperature on the survival of M. bovis was evaluated by spiking mixtures of fresh milk and starter soured milk (aMasi) culture with three concentrations of bacteria (10(2), 10(4), 10(7) colony forming units/ml), followed by incubation under controlled laboratory conditions that mimicked ambient indoor (20°C) and outdoor (33°C) temperatures and periodic sampling and testing over time (0-56 days).
resultsM. bovis cultured from samples of the fresh and souring milk was identified by PCR analysis. At the highest spiking concentration (10(7) cfu/ml), M. bovis survived for at least 2 weeks at 20°C; but, at all concentrations in the 33°C treatment, M. bovis was absent by three days after inoculation. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the effects of bacterial concentration and time since inoculation, as well as determine the potential half-life of M. bovis in raw souring milk. Given the most favourable tested conditions for bacterial survival (20°C), approximately 25% of mycobacteria were alive after one day of storage (95% CI: 9-53%), giving an estimated half-life of M. bovis in raw souring milk of approximately 12 hours (95% CI: 7-27 hours).
conclusionsThis study demonstrates that M. bovis may survive in fresh and souring milk for periods of time that represent a risk of exposure to people consuming these products, as well as domestic or wild animal populations that have reported opportunities to consume homemade unpasteurised dairy products. The temperature at which the milk is soured and stored substantially affects the survival time of M. bovis.
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