ArticlePsychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy2016
Treatment initiation and dropout from prolonged exposure and cognitive processing therapy in a VA outpatient clinic.
Article in Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 4 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 125 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effects of Antagonistic Actions in Response to Trauma Exposure
Mechanisms Underlying the Efficacy of Prolonged Exposure
Mechanisms Underlying Efficacy of Prolonged Exposure
Advanced Wireless Augmented Reality-Enhanced Exposure Therapy for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Who cites it
125 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 315 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effectiveness and moderators of PE and CPT in adult PTSD treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2026Pooled it
- Predictors of study dropout in cognitive-behavioural therapy with a trauma focus for post-traumatic stress disorder in adults: An individual participant data meta-analysis.BMJ mental health · 2024Pooled it
- Socioeconomic Deprivation and Dropout from Contemporary Psychological Intervention for Common Mental Disorders: A Systematic Review.Administration and policy in mental health · 2022Pooled it
- Correlates and predictors of mental health care utilization for veterans with PTSD: A systematic review.Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy · 2019Pooled it
- Factors Associated With Receipt of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy or Prolonged Exposure Therapy Among Individuals With PTSD.Psychiatric services (Washington, D.C.) · 2019Pooled it
- PTSD treatment impacts on pain: secondary analysis of sertraline, prolonged exposure, and their combination.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2026Trial
- Group Therapy for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms Among Veterans With Military Sexual Trauma: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2026Trial
- Feasibility, acceptability, and outcomes: A pilot trial of the enhancing social function in older veterans with PTSD (ESVP) group intervention.Psychological services · 2026Trial
- Comparing dropout from cognitive processing therapy versus prolonged exposure: Results from a randomized clinical trial.Journal of consulting and clinical psychology · 2026Trial
- Virtual Reality-Based Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Major Depressive Disorder: An Alternative to Pharmacotherapy for Reducing Suicidality.Yonsei medical journal · 2025Trial
- Cost-effectiveness of Transcendental Meditation (TM) for treating Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD).PloS one · 2025Trial
- Differential posttraumatic stress disorder symptom cluster response to stellate ganglion block: secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial.Translational psychiatry · 2024Trial
- A home-based telehealth randomized controlled trial of skills training in affective and interpersonal regulation versus present-centered therapy for women veterans who have experienced military sexual trauma.Journal of consulting and clinical psychology · 2024Trial
- Effectiveness of prolonged exposure (PE) after implementation at a crime victim support centre.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2024Trial
- MassedPsychological medicine · 2023Trial
- Treatment length and symptom improvement in prolonged exposure and present-centered therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder: Comparing dose-response and good-enough level models in two manualized interventions.Journal of consulting and clinical psychology · 2023Trial
- Predictors of treatment completion in group psychotherapy for male veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder.Journal of traumatic stress · 2023Trial
- Evaluating an engaging and coach-assisted online cognitive behavioral therapy for depression among adolescent and young adult cancer survivors: A pilot feasibility trial.Journal of psychosocial oncology · 2023Trial
- Findings from a pilot study of Trauma Center Trauma-Sensitive Yoga versus cognitive processing therapy for PTSD related to military sexual trauma among women Veterans.Complementary therapies in medicine · 2022Trial
- Trial
65 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Emerging data suggest that few veterans are initiating prolonged exposure (PE) and cognitive processing therapy (CPT) and dropout levels are high among those who do start the therapies. The goal of this study was to use a large sample of veterans seen in routine clinical care to 1) report the percent of eligible and referred veterans who (a) initiated PE/CPT, (b) dropped out of PE/CPT, (c) were early PE/CPT dropouts, 2) examine predictors of PE/CPT initiation, and 3) examine predictors of early and late PE/CPT dropout. We extracted data from the medical records of 427 veterans who were offered PE/CPT following an intake at a Veterans Health Administration (VHA) PTSD Clinical Team. Eighty-two percent (n = 351) of veterans initiated treatment by attending Session 1 of PE/CPT; among those veterans, 38.5% (n = 135) dropped out of treatment. About one quarter of veterans who dropped out were categorized as early dropouts (dropout before Session 3). No significant predictors of initiation were identified. Age was a significant predictor of treatment dropout; younger veterans were more likely to drop out of treatment than older veterans. Therapy type was also a significant predictor of dropout; veterans receiving PE were more likely to drop out late than veterans receiving CPT. Findings demonstrate that dropout from PE/CPT is a serious problem and highlight the need for additional research that can guide the development of interventions to improve PE/CPT engagement and adherence.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.