ArticleCell reports2015
Identification of Hemagglutinin Residues Responsible for H3N2 Antigenic Drift during the 2014-2015 Influenza Season.
Article in Cell reports, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 125 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
125 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 213 citations in OpenAlex.
- High Clinical Burden of Influenza Disease in Adults Aged ≥ 65 Years: Can We Do Better? A Systematic Literature Review.Advances in therapy · 2023Pooled it
- Influenza vaccine effectiveness among high-risk groups: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis of case-control and cohort studies.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2018Pooled it
- Seasonal vaccine-induced immunity shows preserved cross-reactivity to H3N2 subclade K in adults.EBioMedicine · 2026Article
- Strain Matching of Seasonal Influenza Vaccines and Emergence of Neuraminidase Inhibitor Resistance in China from 2015 to 2025.Vaccines · 2026Article
- Predicting the antigenic evolution of seasonal influenza viruses using phylogenetic convergence.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Structural insights into antibody responses against influenza A virus in its natural reservoir.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Pleiotropic mutational effects on function and stability constrain the antigenic evolution of influenza haemagglutinin.Nature ecology & evolution · 2026Article
- Mapping the specificity of H3N2 strain-specific and cross-reactive human neutralizing antibodies elicited by the 2025-2026 influenza vaccine.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Viral pathogens in the etiology of acute respiratory infections in Bulgaria during the 2024-2025 season and genetic diversity of circulating influenza viruses.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Evolution and Vaccine Strain Match ofVaccines · 2025Article
- Immunodominant antibodies against hemagglutinin in ferrets following infection with 2018 to 2019 influenza vaccine strains.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- Elicitation of protective immune responses against influenza a viruses in elderly ferrets by adjuvanted recombinant universal influenza hemagglutinin vaccines.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2025Article
- Pleiotropic mutational effects on function and stability constrain the antigenic evolution of influenza hemagglutinin.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Epistasis in the receptor-binding domain of contemporary H3N2 viruses that reverted to bind sialylated di-LacNAc repeats.Cell reports · 2025Article
- H3 hemagglutinin proteins optimized for 2018 to 2022 elicit neutralizing antibodies across panels of modern influenza A(H3N2) viruses.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2025Article
- Molecular Evolution of Influenza A Viruses From Mauritius, 2017-2019.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2025Article
- Article
- DNA and protein-generated chimeric molecules for delivery of influenza viral epitopes in mouse and humanized NSG transfer models.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Review
- Seasonal influenza vaccine performance and the potential benefits of mRNA vaccines.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Review
- Reconstructed influenza A/H3N2 infection histories reveal variation in incidence and antibody dynamics over the life course.PLoS biology · 2024Article
65 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Influenza vaccines must be updated regularly because influenza viruses continuously acquire mutations in antibody binding sites of hemagglutinin (HA). The majority of H3N2 strains circulating in the Northern Hemisphere during the 2014-2015 season are antigenically mismatched to the A/Texas/50/2012 H3N2 vaccine strain. Recent H3N2 strains possess several new HA mutations, and it is unknown which of these mutations contribute to the 2014-2015 vaccine mismatch. Here, we use reverse genetics to demonstrate that mutations in HA antigenic site B are primarily responsible for the current mismatch. Sera isolated from vaccinated humans and infected ferrets and sheep had reduced hemagglutination inhibition and in vitro neutralization titers against reverse-genetics-derived viruses possessing mutations in the HA antigenic site B. These data provide an antigenic explanation for the low influenza vaccine efficacy observed during the 2014-2015 influenza season. Furthermore, our data support the World Health Organization's decision to update the H3N2 component of future vaccine formulations.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.