Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26119696›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2015

Distinct functions of opioid-related peptides and gastrin-releasing peptide in regulating itch and pain in the spinal cord of primates.

Heeseung Lee, Mei-Chuan Ko

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
30citing papers in PubMed
1.5field-weighted citation impact, top 21% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

30 citing papers in PubMed, 45 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Maladaptive immunity to the microbiota promotes neuronal hyperinnervation and itch via IL-17A.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
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  10. Potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of opioid abuse and pain.Advances in pharmacology (San Diego, Calif.) · 2022
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Heeseung LeeDepartment of Anesthesiology &Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 158-710, South Korea.
Mei-Chuan Ko1] Department of Physiology &Pharmacology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA [2] Department of Dermatology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA [3] Center for Comparative Medicine Research, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
Ewha Womans University · KRWake Forest University · US

Funding

Pharmacological Studies of NOP ReceptorsR01DA032568 · NIDA · WAKE FOREST UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI KO, MEI-CHUAN · 2012 to 2016
$1.8M
Behavioral Pharmacology of ItchR01AR059193 · NIAMS · WAKE FOREST UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI KO, MEI-CHUAN · 2010 to 2013
$1.3M
Effects of a Buprenorphine Analog with Mixed MOP/NOP Actions in PrimatesR21DA035359 · NIDA · WAKE FOREST UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI KO, MEI-CHUAN · 2013 to 2014
$409k
Regulation of Itch Scratching by Spinal GRP Receptors in PrimatesR21AR064456 · NIAMS · WAKE FOREST UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI KO, MEI-CHUAN · 2013 to 2014
$359k
NIAMS NIH HHS R01 AR059193NIAMS NIH HHS R01-AR059193NIAMS NIH HHS R21 AR064456NIAMS NIH HHS R21-AR064456NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA032568NIDA NIH HHS R01-DA032568NIDA NIH HHS R21 DA035359NIDA NIH HHS R21-DA035359
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

How neuropeptides in the primate spinal cord regulate itch and pain is largely unknown. Here we elucidate the sensory functions of spinal opioid-related peptides and gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) in awake, behaving monkeys. Following intrathecal administration, β-endorphin (10-100 nmol) and GRP (1-10 nmol) dose-dependently elicit the same degree of robust itch scratching, which can be inhibited by mu-opioid peptide (MOP) receptor and GRP receptor (BB2) antagonists, respectively. Unlike β-endorphin, which produces itch and attenuates inflammatory pain, GRP only elicits itch without affecting pain. In contrast, enkephalins (100-1000 nmol) and nociceptin-orphanin FQ (3-30 nmol) only inhibit pain without eliciting itch. More intriguingly, dynorphin A(1-17) (10-100 nmol) dose-dependently attenuates both β-endorphin- and GRP-elicited robust scratching without affecting pain processing. The anti-itch effects of dynorphin A can be reversed by a kappa-opioid peptide (KOP) receptor antagonist nor-binaltorphimine. These nonhuman primate behavioral models with spinal delivery of ligands advance our understanding of distinct functions of neuropeptides for modulating itch and pain. In particular, we demonstrate causal links for itch-eliciting effects by β-endorphin-MOP receptor and GRP-BB2 receptor systems and itch-inhibiting effects by the dynorphin A-KOP receptor system. These studies will facilitate transforming discoveries of novel ligand-receptor systems into future therapies as antipruritics and/or analgesics in humans.

Indexed as

Analgesics, OpioidAnimalsBehavior, Animalbeta-EndorphinDynorphinsFemaleGastrin-Releasing PeptideHyperalgesiaInjections, SpinalMacaca mulattaMaleNeuropeptidesPainPruritusSpinal CordAnalgesics, Opioidbeta-EndorphinDynorphinsGastrin-Releasing PeptideNeuropeptides

Identifiers

PMID26119696
PMCPMC4483774
OpenAlexW604674474

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.