ArticleEpidemiology and infection2016
A case-control study of risk factors for death from 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1): is American Indian racial status an independent risk factor?
Article in Epidemiology and infection, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- The association between socioeconomic status and pandemic influenza: Systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2021Pooled it
- A Scoping Review of the Current Knowledge of the Social Determinants of Health and Infectious Diseases (Specifically COVID-19, Tuberculosis, and H1N1 Influenza) in Canadian Arctic Indigenous Communities.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- Infectious diseases in Indigenous populations in North America: learning from the past to create a more equitable future.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2023Review
- Disproportionate impact of COVID-19 severity and mortality on hospitalized American Indian/Alaska Native patients.PNAS nexus · 2023Article
- Clinical and Demographic Factors Associated With COVID-19, Severe COVID-19, and SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Adults: A Secondary Cross-Protocol Analysis of 4 Randomized Clinical Trials.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- Risk perception, adaptation, and resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic in Southeast Alaska Natives.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2023Article
- Influenza-associated hospitalisation and mortality rates among global Indigenous populations; a systematic review and meta-analysis.PLOS global public health · 2023Article
- Elevated SARS-CoV-2 in peripheral blood and increased COVID-19 severity in American Indians/Alaska Natives.Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2022Observational
- Hospitalization, mechanical ventilation, and case-fatality outcomes in US veterans with COVID-19 disease between years 2020-2021.Annals of epidemiology · 2022Article
- Factors Associated with Health Inequalities in Infectious Disease Pandemics Predating COVID-19 in the United States: A Systematic Review.Health equity · 2022Review
- COVID-19 Mortality Among American Indian and Alaska Native Persons - 14 States, January-June 2020.MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report · 2020Article
- FluA-p score: a novel prediction rule for mortality in influenza A-related pneumonia patients.Respiratory research · 2020Article
- Impacts of age and gender at the risk of underlying medical conditions and death in patients with avian influenza A (H7N9): a meta-analysis study.Therapeutics and clinical risk management · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Historically, American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) populations have suffered excess morbidity and mortality from influenza. We investigated the risk factors for death from 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) in persons residing in five states with substantial AI/AN populations. We conducted a case-control investigation using pandemic influenza fatalities from 2009 in Alaska, Arizona, New Mexico, Oklahoma and Wyoming. Controls were outpatients with influenza. We reviewed medical records and interviewed case proxies and controls. We used multiple imputation to predict missing data and multivariable conditional logistic regression to determine risk factors. We included 145 fatal cases and 236 controls; 22% of cases were AI/AN. Risk factors (P 45 years vs. <18 years], pre-existing medical conditions (mOR 7·1), smoking (mOR 3·0), delayed receipt of antivirals (mOR 6·5), and barriers to healthcare access (mOR 5·3). AI/AN race was not significantly associated with death. The increased influenza mortality in AI/AN individuals was due to factors other than racial status. Prevention of influenza deaths should focus on modifiable factors (smoking, early antiviral use, access to care) and identifying high-risk persons for immunization and prompt medical attention.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.