ReviewJournal of translational medicine2015
MiR-21: an environmental driver of malignant melanoma?
Review in Journal of translational medicine, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 77 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
77 citing papers in PubMed, 124 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- Repurposing Niflumic Acid-Loaded PEGylated Cerosomes for Topical Solid Ehrlich's Carcinoma Management via EGFR/ERK/miR-21 Signaling Pathway Modulation.Pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Risk Factor Levels and the Burden of Skin Melanoma in Poland with Predictions Regarding the 2020-2030 Perspective.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Non-coding RNA transcripts and their exosomal counterparts in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of skin cancers, with a focus on melanoma.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2026Review
- Extracellular Vesicles From a Model of Melanoma Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Induce Changes in Brain Microvascular Cells Consistent With Pre-Metastatic Niche Priming.Journal of extracellular biology · 2025Article
- Development of an innovative duplex digital PCR assay for circulating MiRNA ratio quantification in metastatic melanoma.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Article
- The Dual Role of Dietary Phytochemicals in Oxidative Stress: Implications for Oncogenesis, Cancer Chemoprevention, and ncRNA Regulation.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- LINC01559 drives osimertinib resistance in NSCLC through a ceRNA network regulating miR-320a/IGF2BP3 axis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Diagnostic Power of MicroRNAs in Melanoma: Integrating Machine Learning for Enhanced Accuracy and Pathway Analysis.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2025Article
- Simultaneous Down-Regulation of Intracellular MicroRNA-21 and hTERT mRNA Using AS1411-Functionallized Gold Nanoprobes to Achieve Targeted Anti-Tumor Therapy.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Alterations in the expression of serum-derived exosome-enclosed inflammatory microRNAs in Covid-19 patients.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG-derived extracellular vesicles promote wound healing via miR-21-5p-mediated re-epithelization and angiogenesis.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2024Article
- Identification of SLC22A17 DNA methylation hotspot as a potential biomarker in cutaneous melanoma.Journal of translational medicine · 2024Article
- miR-21 Expressed by Dermal Fibroblasts Enhances Skin Wound Healing Through the Regulation of Inflammatory Cytokine Expression.Inflammation · 2024Article
- Exosomal Non-coding RNAs: A New Approach to Melanoma Diagnosis and Therapeutic Strategy.Current medicinal chemistry · 2024Review
- Potential Pathogenic Impact of Cow's Milk Consumption and Bovine Milk-Derived Exosomal MicroRNAs in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- miRNAs and arsenic-induced carcinogenesis.Advances in pharmacology (San Diego, Calif.) · 2023Review
- Review
- The Therapeutic Potential of Milk Extracellular Vesicles on Colorectal Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Diagnostic, grading and prognostic role of a restricted miRNAs signature in primary and metastatic brain tumours. Discussion on their therapeutic perspectives.Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG · 2022Article
17 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Since the mid-1950's, melanoma incidence has been rising steadily in industrialized Caucasian populations, thereby pointing to the pivotal involvement of environmental factors in melanomagenesis. Recent evidence underlines the crucial role of microRNA (miR) signaling in cancer initiation and progression. Increased miR-21 expression has been observed during the transition from a benign melanocytic lesion to malignant melanoma, exhibiting highest expression of miR-21. Notably, common BRAF and NRAS mutations in cutaneous melanoma are associated with increased miR-21 expression. MiR-21 is an oncomiR that affects critical target genes of malignant melanoma, resulting in sustained proliferation (PTEN, PI3K, Sprouty, PDCD4, FOXO1, TIPE2, p53, cyclin D1), evasion from apoptosis (FOXO1, FBXO11, APAF1, TIMP3, TIPE2), genetic instability (MSH2, FBXO11, hTERT), increased oxidative stress (FOXO1), angiogenesis (PTEN, HIF1α, TIMP3), invasion and metastasis (APAF1, PTEN, PDCD4, TIMP3). The purpose of this review is to provide translational evidence for major environmental and individual factors that increase the risk of melanoma, such as UV irradiation, chemical noxes, air pollution, smoking, chronic inflammation, Western nutrition, obesity, sedentary lifestyle and higher age, which are associated with increased miR-21 signaling. Exosomal miR-21 induced by extrinsic and intrinsic stimuli may be superimposed on mutation-induced miR-21 pathways of melanoma cells. Thus, oncogenic miR-21 signaling may be the converging point of intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli driving melanomagenesis. Future strategies of melanoma treatment and prevention should thus aim at reducing the burden of miR-21 signal transduction.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.