Trial reportNicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco2016
The Impact of Health Warning Labels for Swedish Snus Advertisements on Young Adults' Snus Perceptions and Behavioral Intentions.
Trial report in Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Systematic Review of Health Communication for Non-Cigarette Tobacco Products.Health communication · 2019Pooled it
- Examining reactions to smoking and COVID-19 risk messages: An experimental study with people who smoke.The International journal on drug policy · 2022Trial
- Communicating risk differences between electronic and combusted cigarettes: the role of the FDA-mandated addiction warning and a nicotine fact sheet.Tobacco control · 2020Trial
- Feeling Hopeful Motivates Change: Emotional Responses to Messages Communicating Comparative Risk of Electronic Cigarettes and Combusted Cigarettes.Health education & behavior : the official publication of the Society for Public Health Education · 2019Trial
- The Impact of Smokeless Tobacco Risk Information on Smokers' Risk Perceptions and Use Intentions: A News Media Experiment.Health communication · 2019Trial
- Characterizing Young Adults' Susceptibility to Waterpipe Tobacco Use and Their Reactions to Messages About Product Harms and Addictiveness.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2017Trial
- Comparison of Nicotine and Selected Flavoring Contents Between Tobacco-Free and Tobacco-Containing Oral Pouches.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2026Article
- The role of IQOS risk perceptions on cigarette smoking behaviours: results from a prospective pilot study.Tobacco control · 2024Article
- The Effects of Oral Nicotine Pouch Packaging Features on Adult Tobacco Users' and Non-Users' Product Perceptions.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- The effect of cigarette modified risk claims and brand on perceived risk, product appeal, and use intentions.PloS one · 2022Article
- Exploring the implications of modified risk claim placement in tobacco advertising.Preventive medicine reports · 2021Article
- Young Adult Correlates of IQOS Curiosity, Interest, and Likelihood of Use.Tobacco regulatory science · 2020Article
- An experimental study of messages communicating potential harms of electronic cigarettes.PloS one · 2020Article
- Testing messages about comparative risk of electronic cigarettes and combusted cigarettes.Tobacco control · 2019Article
- Smokers' perceptions of risks and harm from snus relative to cigarettes: A latent profile analysis study.Addictive behaviors · 2019Article
- Psychological distress and responses to comparative risk messages about electronic and combusted cigarettes.Addictive behaviors · 2019Article
- The Impact of E-Cigarette Warnings, Warning Themes and Inclusion of Relative Harm Statements on Young Adults' E-Cigarette Perceptions and Use Intentions.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Article
- A National Comparison of Dual Users of Smokeless Tobacco and Cigarettes and Exclusive Cigarette Smokers, 2015-2016.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2018Article
- The Effect of Tobacco Control Policies on US Smokeless Tobacco Use: A Structured Review.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2017Review
- Evaluation of modified risk claim advertising formats for Camel Snus.Health education journal · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionThis study examined the impact of warning labels conveying the potential harms and addictiveness of Swedish snus and the potential-reduced harms of Swedish snus among young adult nonsmokers and smokers.
methodsA convenience sample of young adults aged 18-30 residing in the United States (n = 517, 56% male, 33% smokers) participated in an online experiment. Participants completed baseline measures and were randomized to 1 of 5 experimental conditions where they viewed a Swedish snus ad with warning labels that varied by condition: (1) Control-no warning; (2) Addiction-warning conveying the addictiveness of snus; (3) Harm-warning communicating the potential harms of snus; (4) Harm Reduction-warning conveying the potential-reduced harms of snus compared with cigarettes; (5) Harm Reduction Switch-warning communicating the potential-reduced harms of snus when switching completely from cigarettes to snus. Outcomes measured included perceived harms and addictiveness of snus, thoughts about not using snus, and intentions to use snus.
resultsParticipants in the Harm Reduction and Harm Reduction Switch conditions perceived snus to be less harmful than cigarettes compared with the Control, Addiction, and Harm conditions. Nonsmokers in the Harm Reduction condition reported fewer thoughts about not using snus than nonsmokers in the Harm condition.
conclusionsWarnings conveying the potential-reduced harms of Swedish snus compared with cigarettes generate perceptions that snus is less harmful than cigarettes and produce fewer thoughts about not using snus among nonsmokers. Such perceptions have been associated with snus use in prior studies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.