ArticleFood and environmental virology2015
Hepatitis A and E Viruses in Wastewaters, in River Waters, and in Bivalve Molluscs in Italy.
Article in Food and environmental virology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 80 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) Infection in the Context of the One Health Approach: A Systematic Review.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Pooled it
- Occurrence of Hepatitis A Virus in Water Matrices: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Pooled it
- Hepatitis E Virus in Water Environments: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Food and environmental virology · 2022Pooled it
- A capsid hinge region in European hepatitis E virus links mutations to genotype, virion surface properties, and environmental circulation.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2026Article
- Genetic insights into hepatitis E virus through environmental surveillance in Europe.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Review
- Hepatitis E virus in wild boar from Poland.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Shellfish as a Potential Source of Hepatitis E Virus: Epidemiological Evidence, Biological Plausibility, and Research Gaps.Viruses · 2026Review
- Trends and Challenges in the Detection and Environmental Surveillance of the Hepatitis E Virus.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Can Wastewater Surveillance Enhance Genomic Tracking of Climate-Driven Pathogens?Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Water-Based Epidemiological Investigation of Hepatitis E Virus in South Africa.Food and environmental virology · 2024Article
- Review
- Hepatitis a Vaccine as Opportunity of Primary Prevention for Food Handlers: A Narrative Review.Vaccines · 2023Review
- Review
- Seroprevalence of anti-HEV IgG in children: very early exposure in young children in a hyperendemic region.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Transmission of Hepatitis E Virus.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2023Article
- Global public health implications of human exposure to viral contaminated water.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Review
- Quantitative Methods for the Prioritization of Foods Implicated in the Transmission of Hepatititis E to Humans in Italy.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Epidemiology of Hepatitis E in 2017 in Bavaria, Germany.Food and environmental virology · 2021Article
- Occurrence of Human Enteric Viruses in Shellfish along the Production and Distribution Chain in Sicily, Italy.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- The Foodborne Transmission of Hepatitis E Virus to Humans.Food and environmental virology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Several studies have reported the detection of hepatitis A (HAV) and E (HEV) virus in sewage waters, indicating a possibility of contamination of aquatic environments. The objective of the present study was to assess the occurrence of HAV and HEV in different water environments, following the route of contamination from raw sewage through treated effluent to the surface waters receiving wastewater discharges . Bivalve molluscan shellfish samples were also analyzed, as sentinel of marine pollution. Samples were tested by RT-PCR nested type in the VP1/2A junction for HAV, and in the ORF1 and ORF2 regions for HEV. Hepatitis A RNA was detected in 12 water samples: 7/21 (33.3%) raw sewage samples, 3/21 (14.3%) treated sewage samples, and 2/27 (7.4%) river water samples. Five sequences were classified as genotype IA, while the remaining 7 sequences belonged to genotype IB. In bivalves, HAV was detected in 13/56 samples (23.2%), 12 genotype IB and one genotype IA. Whether the presence of HAV in the matrices tested indicates the potential for waterborne and foodborne transmission is unknown, since infectivity of the virus was not demonstrated. HEV was detected in one raw sewage sample and in one river sample, both belonging to genotype 3. Sequences were similar to sequences detected previously in Italy in patients with autochthonous HEV (no travel history) and in animals (swine). To our knowledge, this is the first detection of HEV in river waters in Italy, suggesting that surface water can be a potential source for exposure .
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.