Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26115537›Full record

ArticleEnvironment international2015

Pharmacokinetics of bisphenol A in humans following a single oral administration.

Kristina A Thayer, Daniel R Doerge, Dawn Hunt, Shepherd H Schurman, Nathan C Twaddle, Mona I Churchwell, Stavros Garantziotis, Grace E Kissling, Michael R Easterling, John R Bucher and 1 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Environment international, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 120 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
120citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

120 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  16. Bisphenols and follicle function in farm species.The Journal of reproduction and development · 2026
    Review
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  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Article

60 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Kristina A ThayerDivision of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, P.O. Box 12233, Mail Drop K2-02, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA. Electronic address: thayer@niehs.nih.gov.
Daniel R DoergeDivision of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food & Drug Administration, NCTR-53C RM204L HFT-110, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Electronic address: daniel.doerge@fda.hhs.gov.
Dawn HuntClinical Research Unit, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, P.O. Box 12233, Mail Drop CU-01, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA. Electronic address: dawnhunt2233@outlook.com.
Shepherd H SchurmanClinical Research Unit, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, P.O. Box 12233, Mail Drop CU-01, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA. Electronic address: schurmansh@niehs.nih.gov.
Nathan C TwaddleDivision of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food & Drug Administration, NCTR-53C RM204L HFT-110, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Electronic address: Nathan.Twaddle@fda.hhs.gov.
Mona I ChurchwellDivision of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food & Drug Administration, NCTR-53C RM204L HFT-110, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Electronic address: Mona.Churchwell@fda.hhs.gov.
Stavros GarantziotisClinical Research Unit, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, P.O. Box 12233, Mail Drop CU-01, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA. Electronic address: garantziotis@niehs.nih.gov.
Grace E KisslingBiostatistics Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, P.O. Box 12233, Mail Drop A3-03, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA. Electronic address: kissling@niehs.nih.gov.
Michael R EasterlingSocial & Scientific Systems, Inc., 1009 Slater Rd # 120, Durham, NC 27703, USA. Electronic address: MEasterling@s-3.com.
John R BucherDivision of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, P.O. Box 12233, Mail Drop K2-02, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA. Electronic address: bucher@niehs.nih.gov.
Linda S BirnbaumNational Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, P.O. Box 12233, Mail Drop B2-01, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA. Electronic address: birnbaumls@niehs.nih.gov.

Funding

Program in Clinical Research, Clinical Support Services and Clinical TrainingZIDES102465 · NIEHS · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES · PI KIRSCHNER, LAWRENCE · 2009 to 2025
$84.7M
The Role of Hyaluronan And Inter-Alpha-Trypsin Inhibitor in Tissue InjuryZIAES102605 · NIEHS · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES · PI GARANTZIOTIS, STAVROS · 2009 to 2025
$22.6M
Studies of the fate of environmental contaminants in humans and animalsZIABC011476 · NCI · DIVISION OF BASIC SCIENCES - NCI · PI BIRNBAUM, LINDA · 2013 to 2019
$5.8M
Statistical collaboration in environmental health researchZIAES103106 · NIEHS · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES · PI KISSLING, GRACE E · 2012 to 2017
$656k
Intramural NIH HHS ZIA BC011476
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundHuman exposures to bisphenol A (BPA) are widespread. The current study addresses uncertainties regarding human pharmacokinetics of BPA.

objectiveTo reduce uncertainties about the metabolism and excretion of BPA in humans following oral administration.

methodsWe exposed six men and eight women to 100 μg/kg bw of deuterated BPA (d6-BPA) by oral administration and conducted blood and urine analysis over a three day period. The use of d6-BPA allowed administered d6-BPA to be distinguished from background native (unlabeled) BPA. We calculated the rate of oral absorption, serum elimination, half-life, area under the curve (AUC), urinary excretion, and metabolism to glucuronide and sulfate conjugates.

resultsMean serum total (unconjugated and conjugated) d6-BPA Cmax of 1711 nM (390 ng/ml) was observed at Tmax of 1.1 ± 0.50h. Unconjugated d6-BPA appeared in serum within 5-20 min of dosing with a mean Cmax of 6.5 nM (1.5 ng/ml) observed at Tmax of 1.3 ± 0.52 h. Detectable blood levels of unconjugated or total d6-BPA were observed at 48 h in some subjects at concentrations near the LOD (0.001-0.002 ng/ml). The half-times for terminal elimination of total d6-BPA and unconjugated d6-BPA were 6.4 ± 2.0 h and 6.2 ± 2.6h, respectively. Recovery of total administered d6-BPA in urine was 84-109%. Most subjects (10 of 14) excreted >90% as metabolites within 24h.

conclusionsUsing more sensitive methods, our study expands the findings of other human oral pharmacokinetic studies. Conjugation reactions are rapid and nearly complete with unconjugated BPA comprising less than 1% of the total d6-BPA in blood at all times. Elimination of conjugates into urine largely occurs within 24h.

Indexed as

Administration, OralAdultArea Under CurveBenzhydryl CompoundsBisphenol A CompoundsEnvironmental PollutantsFemaleGlucuronidesHalf-LifeHumansMaleMiddle AgedNorth CarolinaPhenolsSulfuric Acid EstersBenzhydryl Compoundsbisphenol ABisphenol A Compoundsbisphenol A glucuronideEnvironmental PollutantsGlucuronidesPhenolsSulfuric Acid EstersADMEBioavailabilityDeuterated bisphenol AEndocrine disruptorExcretionMetabolism

Identifiers

PMID26115537
PMCPMC4545316

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.