Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26114585›Full record

ArticlePLoS genetics2015

Ancestral Chromatin Configuration Constrains Chromatin Evolution on Differentiating Sex Chromosomes in Drosophila.

Qi Zhou, Doris Bachtrog

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in PLoS genetics, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
28citing papers in PubMed
2.0field-weighted citation impact, top 12% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

28 citing papers in PubMed, 51 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Gene model for the ortholog ofbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  2. Review
  3. Gene model for the ortholog ofmicroPublication biology · 2025
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. The timing of genetic degeneration of sex chromosomes.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2021
    Review
  10. Article
  11. Natural family-free genomic distance.Algorithms for molecular biology : AMB · 2021
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Establishment and evolution of heterochromatin.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2020
    Review
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Qi ZhouDepartment of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America.
Doris BachtrogDepartment of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America.
University of California, Berkeley · US

Funding

The formation of Heterochromatin on evolving Y chromosomesR01GM101255 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY · PI Doris Bachtrog · 2015 to 2026
$4.9M
The evolution of dosage compensation in DrosophilaR01GM076007 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI BACHTROG, DORIS · 2006 to 2020
$3.6M
"Gene Trafficking on an Evolving X Chromosome in Drosophila"R01GM093182 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY · PI BACHTROG, DORIS · 2010 to 2017
$2.7M
NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM076007NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM093182NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM101255
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Sex chromosomes evolve distinctive types of chromatin from a pair of ancestral autosomes that are usually euchromatic. In Drosophila, the dosage-compensated X becomes enriched for hyperactive chromatin in males (mediated by H4K16ac), while the Y chromosome acquires silencing heterochromatin (enriched for H3K9me2/3). Drosophila autosomes are typically mostly euchromatic but the small dot chromosome has evolved a heterochromatin-like milieu (enriched for H3K9me2/3) that permits the normal expression of dot-linked genes, but which is different from typical pericentric heterochromatin. In Drosophila busckii, the dot chromosomes have fused to the ancestral sex chromosomes, creating a pair of 'neo-sex' chromosomes. Here we collect genomic, transcriptomic and epigenomic data from D. busckii, to investigate the evolutionary trajectory of sex chromosomes from a largely heterochromatic ancestor. We show that the neo-sex chromosomes formed <1 million years ago, but nearly 60% of neo-Y linked genes have already become non-functional. Expression levels are generally lower for the neo-Y alleles relative to their neo-X homologs, and the silencing heterochromatin mark H3K9me2, but not H3K9me3, is significantly enriched on silenced neo-Y genes. Despite rampant neo-Y degeneration, we find that the neo-X is deficient for the canonical histone modification mark of dosage compensation (H4K16ac), relative to autosomes or the compensated ancestral X chromosome, possibly reflecting constraints imposed on evolving hyperactive chromatin in an originally heterochromatic environment. Yet, neo-X genes are transcriptionally more active in males, relative to females, suggesting the evolution of incipient dosage compensation on the neo-X. Our data show that Y degeneration proceeds quickly after sex chromosomes become established through genomic and epigenetic changes, and are consistent with the idea that the evolution of sex-linked chromatin is influenced by its ancestral configuration.

Indexed as

X ChromosomeY ChromosomeAnimalsBiological EvolutionChromatinDrosophilaEpigenesis, GeneticFemaleGene DosageGenome, InsectHeterochromatinMalePhylogenyPolymorphism, Single NucleotidePolytene ChromosomesChromatinHeterochromatin

Identifiers

PMID26114585
PMCPMC4482674
OpenAlexW2952013840

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.