ReviewProgress in retinal and eye research2015
Molecular pathogenesis of retinal and choroidal vascular diseases.
Review in Progress in retinal and eye research, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 318 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
318 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 520 citations in OpenAlex.
- Adult-onset Coats disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of imaging biomarkers and targeted therapies.Acta ophthalmologica · 2026Pooled it
- The efficacy and safety of intraocular anti-VEGF injections versus anti-VEGF combined with steroids or steroid monotherapy for macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Systemic counterregulatory response of angiopoietin-2 after aflibercept therapy for nAMD: a potential escape mechanism.Acta ophthalmologica · 2021Trial
- Topical bromfenac reduces multiple inflammatory cytokines in the aqueous humour of pseudophakic patients.Scientific reports · 2021Trial
- Beyond Anti-VEGF: Toward Integrated Precision Care in Diabetic Retinal Disease.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Preclinical evaluation of AAV2 anti-VEGF gene therapy using scFv for choroidal neovascularization.Molecular therapy. Advances · 2026Article
- Associations between carotid macrovascular and retinal microvascular alterations in diabetes: Evidence synthesis and implications for risk assessment.Atherosclerosis plus · 2026Review
- Aqueous Humor Proteomics Reveals the Molecular Basis for Differential Treatment Responses in nAMD and pmCNV.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Choroidal vascularity profiles in diabetic macular oedema subtypes: a swept-source OCT angiography study.Eye (London, England) · 2026Article
- Case series: The role of retinal ischemia in the pathogenesis and clinical manifestation of diabetic retinopathy.Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry · 2026Article
- Stem cell factor regulates endothelial HIF-2α expression during hypoxia-driven pathological angiogenesis.BMB reports · 2026Article
- Review
- Article
- Early Real-World Experience of Switching to Faricimab for Macular Oedema Secondary to Vein Occlusion.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Induction of Oxidative Stress on Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells Triggered a Proangiogenic Environment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- A graph retrieval-augmented generation pipeline for systematic drug target discovery: validation and application to ocular neovascularization.Briefings in bioinformatics · 2026Article
- Retinal Pigment Epithelium Changes in Pediatric Combined Hamartoma of the Retina and Retinal Pigment Epithelium: Wide-Field Swept-Source OCT Findings.Translational vision science & technology · 2026Article
- Pomegranate peel extract alleviates diabetic retinopathy by suppressing the PI3K/AKT/HIF-1α/VEGF pathway and gut microbiota modulation.Journal of advanced research · 2026Article
- A real-world study of Faricimab: efficacy and biomarkers in treatment-experienced neovascular age-related macular degeneration(nAMD) and diabetic macular edema (DME) patients.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026Article
258 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
There are two major types of ocular neovascularization that affect the retina, retinal neovascularization (NV) and subretinal or choroidal NV. Retinal NV occurs in a group of diseases referred to as ischemic retinopathies in which damage to retinal vessels results in retinal ischemia. Most prevalent of these are diabetic retinopathy and retinal vein occlusions. Subretinal and choroidal NV occur in diseases of the outer retina and Bruch's membrane, the most prevalent of which is age-related macular degeneration. Numerous studies in mouse models have helped to elucidate the molecular pathogenesis underlying retinal, subretinal, and choroidal NV. There is considerable overlap because the precipitating event in each is stabilization of hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) which leads to upregulation of several hypoxia-regulated gene products, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), angiopoietin 2, vascular endothelial-protein tyrosine phosphatase (VE-PTP), and several others. Stimulation of VEGF signaling and suppression of Tie2 by angiopoietin 2 and VE-PTP are critical for sprouting of retinal, subretinal, and choroidal NV, with perturbation of Bruch's membrane also needed for the latter. Additional HIF-1-regulated gene products cause further stimulation of the NV. It is difficult to model macular edema in animals and therefore proof-of-concept clinical trials were done and demonstrated that VEGF plays a central role and that suppression of Tie2 is also important. Neutralization of VEGF is currently the first line therapy for all of the above disease processes, but new treatments directed at some of the other molecular targets, particularly stabilization of Tie2, are likely to provide additional benefit for subretinal/choroidal NV and macular edema. In addition, the chronicity of these diseases as well as the implication of VEGF as a cause of retinal nonperfusion and progression of background diabetic retinopathy make sustained delivery approaches for VEGF antagonists a priority.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.