ReviewNeuroscience and biobehavioral reviews2015
The rat's not for turning: Dissociating the psychological components of cognitive inflexibility.
Review in Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Response Flexibility: The Role of the Lateral Habenula.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2022Pooled it
- Cognitive tasks show age-related decline over a 10-year period in a natural aging monkey model, cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus).Journal of comparative psychology (Washington, D.C. : 1983) · 2026Article
- Reversal of early-life high fat diet prevents spatial discrimination deficits corresponding with altered brain inflammatory and metabolic profiles in male C57BL/6J mice.Nutritional neuroscience · 2026Article
- Importance of additional behavioral observation in psychopharmacology: a case study on agomelatine's effects on feedback sensitivity in probabilistic reversal learning in rats.Psychopharmacology · 2025Article
- Characterisation of behaviours relevant to apathy syndrome in the aged male rat.Behavioural brain research · 2024Article
- Problem-solving skills are predicted by technical innovations in the wild and brain size in passerines.Nature ecology & evolution · 2024Article
- Inhibition of midbrain cholinergic neurons impairs decision-making strategies during reversal learning.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2024Article
- MK-801 and cognitive functions: Investigating the behavioral effects of a non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist.Psychopharmacology · 2023Review
- Artificial selection for reversal learning reveals limited repeatability and no heritability of cognitive flexibility in great tits (Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2023Article
- Neonatal exposure to ultrafine iron but not combined iron and sulfur aerosols recapitulates air pollution-induced impulsivity in mice.Neurotoxicology · 2023Article
- A modified version of the dimensional change card sort task tests cognitive flexibility in children (Homo sapiens) and cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus).Journal of comparative psychology (Washington, D.C. : 1983) · 2022Article
- Cognitive flexibility in the wild: Individual differences in reversal learning are explained primarily by proactive interference, not by sampling strategies, in two passerine bird species.Learning & behavior · 2022Article
- Impact of specific serotonin receptor modulation on behavioral flexibility.Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2021Review
- Striatal cholinergic transmission. Focus on nicotinic receptors' influence in striatal circuits.The European journal of neuroscience · 2021Review
- Neural Circuits Underlying Behavioral Flexibility: Insights FromFrontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2021Review
- Cannabinoid Modulation of Dopamine Release During Motivation, Periodic Reinforcement, Exploratory Behavior, Habit Formation, and Attention.Frontiers in synaptic neuroscience · 2021Review
- Modeling flexible behavior in childhood to adulthood shows age-dependent learning mechanisms and less optimal learning in autism in each age group.PLoS biology · 2020Article
- Article
- Withdrawal from escalated cocaine self-administration impairs reversal learning by disrupting the effects of negative feedback on reward exploitation: a behavioral and computational analysis.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2019Article
- Sensitivity to negative and positive feedback as a stable and enduring behavioural trait in rats.Psychopharmacology · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Executive function is commonly assessed by assays of cognitive flexibility such as reversal learning and attentional set-shifting. Disrupted performance in these assays, apparent in many neuropsychiatric disorders, is frequently interpreted as inability to overcome prior associations with reward. However, non-rewarded or irrelevant associations may be of considerable importance in both discrimination learning and cognitive flexibility. Non-rewarded associations can have greater influence on choice behaviour than rewarded associations in discrimination learning. Pathology-related deficits in cognitive flexibility can produce selective disruptions to both the processing of irrelevant associations and associations with reward. Genetic and pharmacological animal models demonstrate that modulation of reversal learning may result from alterations in either rewarded or non-rewarded associations. Successful performance in assays of cognitive flexibility can therefore depend on a combination of rewarded, non-rewarded, and irrelevant associations derived from previous learning, accounting for some inconsistencies observed in the literature. Taking this combination into account may increase the validity of animal models and may also reveal pathology-specific differences in problem solving and executive function.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.