ArticlePloS one2015
The Synergistic Effect of Combination Progesterone and Temozolomide on Human Glioblastoma Cells.
Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Spirohydantoin derivatives exert dopamine DScientific reports · 2026Article
- Troxerutin Potentiated Temozolomide Induced Antitumor Effect in 2D and 3D Glioblastoma Models.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2025Article
- Progesterone boosts abiraterone-driven target and NK cell therapies against glioblastoma.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2024Article
- Integrative multi-omics characterization reveals sex differences in glioblastoma.Biology of sex differences · 2024Article
- Perphenazine and prochlorperazine decrease glioblastoma U-87 MG cell migration and invasion: Analysis of the ABCB1 and ABCG2 transporters, E-cadherin, α-tubulin and integrins (α3, α5, and β1) levels.Oncology letters · 2022Article
- Sex-Specific Causal Relations between Steroid Hormones and Obesity-A Mendelian Randomization Study.Metabolites · 2021Article
- Progestins as Anticancer Drugs and Chemosensitizers, New Targets and Applications.Pharmaceutics · 2021Review
- Progesterone Modulates Mitochondrial Functions in Human Glioblastoma Cells.Molecular neurobiology · 2021Article
- Impact of sex in the prevalence and progression of glioblastomas: the role of gonadal steroid hormones.Biology of sex differences · 2021Review
- Astrocytoma: A Hormone-Sensitive Tumor?International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Progesterone at high doses reduces the growth of U87 and A172 glioblastoma cells: Proteomic changes regarding metabolism and immunity.Cancer medicine · 2020Article
- Considering the Experimental use of Temozolomide in Glioblastoma Research.Biomedicines · 2020Review
- Reproductive epidemiology of glial tumors may reveal novel treatments: high-dose progestins or progesterone antagonists as endocrino-immune modifiers against glioma.Neurosurgical review · 2019Review
- From epidemiology and neurometabolism to treatment: Vitamin D in pathogenesis of glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) and a proposal for Vitamin D + all-trans retinoic acid + Temozolomide combination in treatment of GBM.Metabolic brain disease · 2019Review
- Progesterone Treatment Attenuates Glycolytic Metabolism and Induces Senescence in Glioblastoma.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Review of Natural Product-Derived Compounds as Potent Antiglioblastoma Drugs.BioMed research international · 2017Review
- Proliferative and Invasive Effects of Progesterone-Induced Blocking Factor in Human Glioblastoma Cells.BioMed research international · 2017Article
- Multi-platform molecular profiling of a large cohort of glioblastomas reveals potential therapeutic strategies.Oncotarget · 2016Article
- Expression of Progesterone Receptor Membrane Component 1 (PGRMC1), Progestin and AdipoQ Receptor 7 (PAQPR7), and Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 RNA-Binding Protein (PAIRBP1) in Glioma Spheroids In Vitro.BioMed research international · 2016Article
- The language of glioblastoma: A tale of cytokines and sex hormones communication.Neuro-oncology advancesReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and most aggressive malignant brain tumor. Despite optimal treatment and evolving standard of care, the median survival of patients diagnosed with GBM is only 12-15 months. In this study, we combined progesterone (PROG) and temozolomide (TMZ), a standard chemotherapeutic agent for human GBM, to test whether PROG enhances the antitumor effects of TMZ and reduces its side effects. Two WHO grade IV human GBM cells lines (U87MG and U118MG) and primary human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) were repeatedly exposed to PROG and TMZ either alone or in combination for 3 and 6 days. Cell death was measured by MTT reduction assay. PROG and TMZ individually induced tumor cell death in a dose-dependent manner. PROG at high doses produced more cell death than TMZ alone. When combined, PROG enhanced the cell death-inducing effect of TMZ. In HDFs, PROG did not reduce viability even at the same high cytotoxic doses, but TMZ did so in a dose-dependent manner. In combination, PROG reduced TMZ toxicity in HDFs. PROG alone and in combination with TMZ suppressed the EGFR/PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and MGMT expression in U87MG cells, thus suppressing cell proliferation. PROG and TMZ individually reduced cell migration in U87MG cells but did so more effectively in combination. PROG enhances the cytotoxic effects of TMZ in GBM cells and reduces its toxic side effects in healthy primary cells.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.