ReviewWiley interdisciplinary reviews. Developmental biology
The complex of ASYMMETRIC LEAVES (AS) proteins plays a central role in antagonistic interactions of genes for leaf polarity specification in Arabidopsis.
Review in Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Developmental biology. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 92 citations in OpenAlex.
- Integrative machine learning and gene regulatory network analysis identifies novel genes for leafy head formation in Brassica rapa and B. oleracea.Molecular horticulture · 2026Article
- Transcriptional control of tomato fruit development and ripening.Journal of experimental botany · 2025Review
- CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Targeted Mutagenesis ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- The ASYMMETRIC LEAVES1 ortholog PagAS1a promotes xylem development and plant growth inForestry research · 2025Article
- Impaired inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase leads to plant-specific ribosomal stress responses in Arabidopsis thaliana.Journal of plant research · 2024Article
- Small Sized Yet Powerful: Nuclear Distribution C Proteins in Plants.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Arabidopsis ASYMMETRIC LEAVES2 and Nucleolar Factors Are Coordinately Involved in the Perinucleolar Patterning of AS2 Bodies and Leaf Development.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Arabidopsis histone H3 lysine 9 methyltransferases KYP/SUVH5/6 are involved in leaf development by interacting with AS1-AS2 to repress KNAT1 and KNAT2.Communications biology · 2023Article
- A model worker: Multifaceted modulation of AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR3 orchestrates plant reproductive phases.Frontiers in plant science · 2023Review
- The PagKNAT2/6b-PagBOP1/2a Regulatory Module Controls Leaf Morphogenesis inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- The genome and preliminary single-nuclei transcriptome of Lemna minuta reveals mechanisms of invasiveness.Plant physiology · 2022Article
- Molecular mechanism of leaf adaxial upward curling caused byFrontiers in plant science · 2022Article
- Arabidopsis ASYMMETRIC LEAVES2 (AS2): roles in plant morphogenesis, cell division, and pathogenesis.Journal of plant research · 2022Article
- Genome evolution of the psammophyteProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021Article
- A multiscale analysis of early flower development in Arabidopsis provides an integrated view of molecular regulation and growth control.Developmental cell · 2021Article
- Overexpression of a Pak Choi Gene,Genes · 2021Article
- A Bivariate Mapping Model Identifies Major Covariation QTLs for Biomass Allocation Between Leaf and Stem Growth ofFrontiers in genetics · 2021Article
- The flattened and needlelike leaves of the pine family (Pinaceae) share a conserved genetic network for adaxial-abaxial polarity but have diverged for photosynthetic adaptation.BMC evolutionary biology · 2020Article
- Roles of ASYMMETRIC LEAVES2 (AS2) and Nucleolar Proteins in the Adaxial-Abaxial Polarity Specification at the Perinucleolar Region in Arabidopsis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Plant Elongator-Protein Complex of Diverse Activities Regulates Growth, Development, and Immune Responses.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Leaf primordia are born around meristem-containing stem cells at shoot apices, grow along three axes (proximal-distal, adaxial-abaxial, medial-lateral), and develop into flat symmetric leaves with adaxial-abaxial polarity. Axis development and polarity specification of Arabidopsis leaves require a network of genes for transcription factor-like proteins and small RNAs. Here, we summarize present understandings of adaxial-specific genes, ASYMMETRIC LEAVES1 (AS1) and AS2. Their complex (AS1-AS2) functions in the regulation of the proximal-distal leaf length by directly repressing class 1 KNOX homeobox genes (BP, KNAT2) that are expressed in the meristem periphery below leaf primordia. Adaxial-abaxial polarity specification involves antagonistic interaction of adaxial and abaxial genes including AS1 and AS2 for the development of two respective domains. AS1-AS2 directly represses the abaxial gene ETTIN/AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR3 (ETT/ARF3) and indirectly represses ETT/ARF3 and ARF4 through tasiR-ARF. Modifier mutations have been identified that abolish adaxialization and enhance the defect in the proximal-distal patterning in as1 and as2. AS1-AS2 and its modifiers synergistically repress both ARFs and class 1 KNOXs. Repression of ARFs is critical for establishing adaxial-abaxial polarity. On the other hand, abaxial factors KANADI1 (KAN1) and KAN2 directly repress AS2 expression. These data delineate a molecular framework for antagonistic gene interactions among adaxial factors, AS1, AS2, and their modifiers, and the abaxial factors ARFs as key regulators in the establishment of adaxial-abaxial polarity. Possible AS1-AS2 epigenetic repression and activities downstream of ARFs are discussed.
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