Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26108363›Full record

ArticleJournal of human hypertension2016

Undiagnosed hypertension in a rural district in Bangladesh: The Bangladesh Population-based Diabetes and Eye Study (BPDES).

F M A Islam, A Bhuiyan, R Chakrabarti, M A Rahman, Y Kanagasingam, J E Hiller

Registry-linked trialAbstract readMulticenter Study
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of human hypertension, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04505150 (Lowering Blood Pressure by Changing Lifestyle Through a Motivational Education Program), which is not on this map. Cited by 29 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
29citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT04505150 naunknown statusnot on this mapstarted 2020, after this paper: background citation

Lowering Blood Pressure by Changing Lifestyle Through a Motivational Education Program: a Cluster RCT Study Protocol

TypeinterventionalSponsorOrganisation for Rural Community Development, BangladeshRan2020 to 2022Enrolled300ConditionsHigh Blood PressureArmsLifestyle changes, e.g., take part in regular exercise, quitting smoking, and reduce salt consumption
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

29 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

F M A IslamDepartment of Statistics, Data Science and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia.
A BhuiyanOrganisation for Rural Community Development, Dariapur, Narail, Bangladesh.
R ChakrabartiOrganisation for Rural Community Development, Dariapur, Narail, Bangladesh.
M A RahmanMary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Y KanagasingamThe Australian e-Health Research Centre, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
J E HillerSchool of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn campus, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Hypertension is mainly asymptomatic and remains undiagnosed until the disease progresses. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of and risk factors for hypertension in rural Bangladesh. Using a population-based cluster random sampling strategy, 3096 adults aged ⩾30 years were recruited from a rural district in Bangladesh. Data collected included two blood pressure (BP) measurements, fasting blood glucose, socio-demographic and anthropometric measurements. Hypertension was defined as systolic BP (SBP) ⩾140 mm Hg or diastolic BP (DBP) ⩾90 mm Hg or self-reported diagnosed hypertension. Logistic regression techniques were used for data analyses. The crude prevalence of hypertension was 40% (95% confidence interval (CI) 38-42%) of which 82% were previously undiagnosed. People from lower socio-economic status (SES) had a significantly higher percentage of undiagnosed hypertension compared with people with higher SES (P<0.001). There was no significant gender difference in severity of hypertension. Males with higher education level compared with no education had a higher prevalence of hypertension (odds ratio 2.34, 95% CI 1.49-3.69). Older age and waist circumference in both genders, and diabetes, lack of physical activity in females were found to be associated with higher prevalence of hypertension. Our research suggests the prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension was higher in the rural area in Bangladesh than that reported from the rural area in neighbouring India and China. Lower SES was associated with a higher risk of undiagnosed hypertension. Public health programs at the grass-roots level must emphasise the provision of primary care and preventive services in managing this non-communicable disease.

Indexed as

Blood PressureRural HealthAdultAgedAged, 80 and overAge FactorsBangladeshDiabetes MellitusFemaleHumansHypertensionLogistic ModelsMaleMiddle AgedMultivariate AnalysisObesity

Identifiers

PMID26108363

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.