ArticleNature communications2015
IL-21 induces antiviral microRNA-29 in CD4 T cells to limit HIV-1 infection.
Article in Nature communications, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 70 citations in OpenAlex.
- HIV associated epigenetic trends and chronic diseases: insights into the hidden burden of chronic infection.Clinical epigenetics · 2026Review
- In Silico Analysis of MiRNA Regulatory Networks to Identify Potential Biomarkers for the Clinical Course of Viral Infections.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- The STAT Signaling Pathway in HIV-1 Infection: Roles and Dysregulation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Recent insights and perspectives into the role of the miRNA‑29 family in innate immunity (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2025Review
- Altered Host microRNAomics in HIV Infections: Therapeutic Potentials and Limitations.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Review
- Human fetal tissue is critical for biomedical research.Stem cell reports · 2023Review
- The Humanized Mouse Model: What Added Value Does It Offer for HIV Research?Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Neuronal dysfunction and gene modulation by non-coding RNA in Parkinson's disease and synucleinopathies.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2023Review
- Cytokines and microRNAs in SARS-CoV-2: What do we know?Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2022Review
- MicroRNA-mediated metabolic reprogramming of chimeric antigen receptor T cells.Immunology and cell biology · 2022Article
- Autophagy-dependent glutaminolysis drives superior IL21 production in HIV-1-specific CD4 T cells.Autophagy · 2022Article
- SARS-CoV-2 causes a significant stress response mediated by small RNAs in the blood of COVID-19 patients.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2022Article
- Bromodomains in Human-Immunodeficiency Virus-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders: A Model of Ferroptosis-Induced Neurodegeneration.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Review
- Selective miRNA inhibition in CD8Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- MicroRNA-30b Is Both Necessary and Sufficient for Interleukin-21 Receptor-Mediated Angiogenesis in Experimental Peripheral Arterial Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- IL-36β promotes anti-tumor effects in CD8Annals of translational medicine · 2021Article
- IL-17A reprograms intestinal epithelial cells to facilitate HIV-1 replication and outgrowth in CD4+ T cells.iScience · 2021Article
- Deficiency ofAging · 2021Article
- Interleukin-21 in Viral Infections.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
17 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Initial events after exposure determine HIV-1 disease progression, underscoring a critical need to understand host mechanisms that interfere with initial viral replication. Although associated with chronic HIV-1 control, it is not known whether interleukin-21 (IL-21) contributes to early HIV-1 immunity. Here we take advantage of tractable primary human lymphoid organ aggregate cultures to show that IL-21 directly suppresses HIV-1 replication, and identify microRNA-29 (miR-29) as an antiviral factor induced by IL-21 in CD4 T cells. IL-21 promotes transcription of all miR-29 species through STAT3, whose binding to putative regulatory regions within the MIR29 gene is enriched by IL-21 signalling. Notably, exogenous IL-21 limits early HIV-1 infection in humanized mice, and lower viremia in vivo is associated with higher miR-29 expression. Together, these findings reveal a novel antiviral IL-21-miR-29 axis that promotes CD4 T-cell-intrinsic resistance to HIV-1 infection, and suggest a role for IL-21 in initial HIV-1 control in vivo.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.